1. Corporate information

Transworld Shipping Lines Limited (formerly known as Shreyas Shipping & Logistics Limited) (the “Company” or “TSLL”) is a public limited company incorporated in India on 16^th August 1988 under the Companies Act, 1956. The registered office of the Company is D-301-305, E-312A, F301-302, Level 3, Tower II, Seawoods Grand Central, Plot NO R1, Sector-40, Nerul Node, Navi Mumbai - 400 706.

TSLL was India's first container feeder-owning and operating company. The Company started its operations in 1993 primarily to fill the gap for feedering of containers between Indian ports and internationally renowned Asian transshipment ports. The Company's current operations include giving vessels on time charter. TSLL's shares are listed on both the BSE Ltd and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited. These standalone financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors of Company on May 27, 2025.

2.1. Statement of compliance

These Standalone Financial Statements, comprising the Standalone Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2025, the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss (including Other Comprehensive Income), the Standalone Statement of Cash Flows and the Standalone Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended March 31, 2025 and material accounting policies and selected notes (together hereinafter referred to as “Standalone Financial Statements”), have been prepared under Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time, other provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (“Act”) and guidelines issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

2.2. Basis of preparation and presentation

The Standalone Financial Statements are prepared on historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies given below. Presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, as applicable to the Standalone Financial Statements have been followed. Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly-issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees ('INR'), which is the functional currency of the Company, and all values are rounded to the nearest lacs, except otherwise indicated.

3. Material accounting policies

(a) Revenue recognition

The Company earns revenue from shipping/vessel operations, comprising charter hire of vessels and Ocean freight revenue. The Company offers its vessels on time-charter for transportation of cargo in coastal and international waterways.

Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of services rendered is net of variable consideration on account of adjustments due to current prevailing freight rates, the cost of operation, vessel performance, pool points earned, service level credits, price concessions and incentives and number of days in operation as applicable, if any, as part of the contract and recognized as follows;

(i) Charter Hire - The Company earns charter hire revenue by placing its vessels on time charter, and in pool arrangements. The performance obligations within pool and time-charter contracts include the operation of the vessel. Charter hire revenue is recognised over time as the Company satisfies its obligation based on the time elapsed between the delivery of a vessel to a charterer and the redelivery of a vessel from the charterer. For time charter

contracts, charter hire is typically invoiced as per the terms of charter hire agreement and charter hire revenue is accrued based on the daily hire rates. Other variable hire components of the contract, such as off-hire and speed claims, are recognised only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur when the uncertainty is subsequently resolved.

For pool arrangements, the Company only has pool arrangements operated by third parties in which the Company's owned vessels are deployed. The Company recognises revenue from these pool arrangements based on its portion of the net distributions reported by the relevant pool, which represents the total earnings of the pool after voyage expenses and pool manager fees. The net distribution is computed based on (a). pool points and the participation days of the Company's vessels in these third party pool arrangements or (b). net revenue / net earning sharing as per the contractual terms.

(ii) Ocean Freight revenue - Ocean freight income from transportation of cargo by coastal and international waterways respectively is recognised following the proportionate completion method on time basis. In case of end-to-end logistics service under multimodal transport, the revenue is recognized following the proportionate completion method on time basis for each mode.

(iii) Other operating income in nature of documentation charges is recognised upon delivery of such services to the customers.

(b) Other Income Interest income

Interest income, except for on income tax refund, is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition. Interest income on an income tax refund is accrued when it is awarded per order received from a competent authority under Income Tax Act 1961.

For accounting policies related to Gain / (loss) arising sale of assets, refer to paragraph (c) below.

(c) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Historical cost comprises its purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from tax authorities), any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use at the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the matter intended by the Company, including relevant borrowing costs for qualifying asset.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal (upon delivery to the buyer) or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

For transition to Ind AS, the Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognized as of April 1, 2016 (transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Depreciation commences when the assets are ready for their intended use. The depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation is recognized so as to write off the depreciable amount of assets over their useful lives, using the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except in respect of the following categories of assets, in whose case the life of the assets has been assessed as under based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the asset, the expected usage of the

asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers warranties and maintenance support, etc.

(1) A shipping company on periodic basis is required to bring all ships into dry dock or Lay-up for major inspection, maintenance and/or overhaul.

Where the cost of a part of the asset (“asset component”) is significant to the total cost of the asset and the useful life for that part is different from the useful life of the remaining asset, useful life of that significant part is determined separately, and such asset component is depreciated over its separate useful life.

The Company reviews the residual value, useful lives and depreciation method annually and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the change is accounted for as a change in accounting estimate on a prospective basis.

(d) Intangible assets

Intangible assets purchased are carried at cost as of the date of acquisition less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Intangible asset in the nature of computer software is amortised on a straight line basis over the estimated useful life of 6 years.

The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

An intangible assets is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from continued use of asset. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

For transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as of April 1, 2016 (transition date) measured as per the Previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

(e) Leases

The Company as a lessee

The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for building. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset

(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

As a lessee, the Company determines the lease term as the noncancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors, such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to TSLL's operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances. Certain lease arrangements include the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities include these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives.

They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right-of-use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option. Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

The Company as a lessor

Leases for which the Company is a lessor are classified as finance or operating leases. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Company's net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the Company's net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.

(f) Foreign exchange transactions

The functional and presentation currency of the Company is Indian Rupee.

Income and expenses in foreign currencies are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date and exchange gains and losses arising on settlement and restatement are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items denominated in a foreign currency are measured at historical cost and translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of transaction.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise except for the exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings.

Exchange differences arising on settlement/restatement of long-term foreign currency monetary items recognized in the Standalone Financial Statements for the year ended March 31, 2017 prepared under Previous GAAP, are capitalized as a part of the depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets.

(g) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use.

Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

All the other borrowing costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(h) Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Current tax:

The Company has opted for Tonnage Tax for the shipping / vessel operation income. Current tax for the current period is the aggregate of Tonnage Tax on shipping income determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 115VT of the income tax Act,1961 (“IT Act”) and tax on non-shipping income determined based on taxable income and tax credit computed in accordance with the relevant provisions of IT Act.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

Deferred tax:

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Standalone Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit adjusted for assets and liabilities used in generation of income on which Tonnage Tax is paid.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset is realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting of a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.

(i) Provisions and contingent liabilities

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.

Contingent liabilities exist when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company, or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required or the amount cannot be reliably estimated. Contingent liabilities are appropriately disclosed unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote.

(j) Employee benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits:

Benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages, salaries, compensated absences, and expected cost of bonus which are expected to be availed within twelve months immediately following the year-end are reported as expenses during the year in which the employee performs the service that the benefit covers and the liabilities are reported at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.

Where the availment or encashment is otherwise not expected to wholly occur within the next twelve months, the liability on account of the benefit is actuarially determined using the projected unit credit method at the present value of the estimated future cash flow expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

In respect of offshore employees benefit accruing in the nature of salaries are reported as expenses during the year in which the employee' performs the related service. The Company does not provide benefits in the nature of bonuses or compensated absences to offshore employees.

(ii) Retirement benefit costs and termination benefits

Defined contribution plans:

The eligible Onshore employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under the provident fund scheme which is in substance, a defined contribution plan, in which both employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the covered employees' salary (currently 12% of employees' salary). Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognised as an expense when employees have rendered service entitling them to the contributions.

As per the Company's agreement with the National Union Seafarers of India under Section 101 of the Merchant Navy Act, 1958, the Company in respect of its offshore employees makes monthly contributions towards provident fund and annuity at a specified percentage of the covered employees' salary (currently 12% of basic salary and 10% of basic salary respectively) under Seamens Provident Fund Act and towards Gratuity at 12% of basic salary to Seafarers Welfare Fund Society. Payment to this fund is regarded as a contribution to defined contribution retirement benefits plans as the Company's liability is restricted to the contribution made to these funds and recognized as an expense when employees have rendered the services entitling them to the contribution.

Defined benefit plans:

The Company's liabilities towards gratuity is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out on half yearly basis.

Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurement recognised in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in other equity and is not reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is recognised in profit or loss in the period of a plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset.

Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:

* service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);

* net interest expense or income; and

* re-measurement

The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in the Statement of Profit or Loss in the line item 'Employee benefits expense'. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs.

The defined benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company's defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of reductions in future contributions to the plans.

Liability for a termination benefit is recognised at the earlier of when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of termination benefit and when the entity recognises any related restructuring costs.

Short-term and other long-term employee benefits

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related services are rendered at the undiscounted amount of benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by the employees up to reporting date.

(k) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income (net of any attributable taxes) relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(l) Accounting and reporting of information for Operating Segments

Operating segments are those components of the business whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Makers (CODM) in the Company to make decisions for performance assessment and resource allocation. The Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker is its Managing Director. The reporting of segment information is the same as provided to the management for the purpose of the performance assessment and resource allocation to the segments.

(m) Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The net realisable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

The cost of inventories includes the cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The cost of inventories of fuel oil, lube oil and victualling stock is determined on a first-in-first-out basis. Store and spares are charged off to the Statement of Profit and Loss upon receipt on the vessel.

(n) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

(o) Current and Non-Current Classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. Equity shares are classified as equity.

When an asset meets any of the following criteria it is treated as current:

* Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

* Held primarily for the purpose of trading

* Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

* Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

When a liability meets any of the following criteria it is treated as current:

* It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

* It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

* It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

* There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

(p) Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value except equity investments in associates and joint ventures and trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are initially measured at transaction price. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value/transaction price of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(a) Non-derivative financial instruments:i) Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks that are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

ii) Financial assets carried at amortised cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise to specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

iii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

iv) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

v) Investment in subsidiary, associate and joint venture

The Company records the investments in subsidiary, associate and joint ventures at the initial transaction price less impairment loss, if any.

vi) Equity instruments

An equity instrument is a contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

vii) Financial liabilities at amortized cost

Financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

(b) Impairment:

i) Financial assets:

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to 12 month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to lifetime expected losses, if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.

The Company assessed the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost and fair value through other comprehensive income based on the company's past history of recovery, credit worthiness of the counterparty and existing market conditions.

ii) Non-financial assets:

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets:

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with a finite life are evaluated for recoverability wherever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value in use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash-generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) De-recognition of financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognised from the company's Balance Sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss

_(d) Derivative Financial instruments

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to interest rate and foreign exchange rate risk.

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently re-measured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the timing of the recognition in profit or loss depends on the nature of the hedged item and hedging relationship.

(e) Offsetting of financial instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(f) The fair value of financial instruments:

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date. The methods used to determine fair value include discounted cash flow analysis, available quoted market prices and dealer quotes. All methods of assessing fair value result in a general approximation of value and such value may never actually be realised.

(g) Hedge Accounting:-

The Company designates certain hedging instruments, which include derivatives in respect of foreign currency, as either cash flow hedge or fair value hedge. Hedges of foreign currency risk on firm commitments are accounted for as cash flow hedges.

At the inception of the hedge relationship, the entity documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, along with its risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Furthermore, at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Company documents whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.

(h) Fair value hedges

Changes in the fair value of the designated portion of derivatives that qualify as fair value hedges are recognized in profit or loss immediately, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. The change in the fair value of the designated portion of the hedging instrument and the change in the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in profit or loss in the line item relating to the hedged item.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. The fair value adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk is amortised to profit or loss from that date.

(i) Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading of cash flow hedging reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity relating to the effective portion as described above are reclassified to profit or loss in the periods when the hedged item affects profit or loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, such gains or losses are transferred from equity (but not as a reclassification adjustment) and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised in profit or loss account when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

4A. Key sources of estimation uncertainty and critical accounting judgements:

The preparation of the Standalone Financial Statements in conformity with the Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and income and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Such judgments, estimates and associated assumptions are evaluated based on historical experience and various other factors, including estimation of the effects of uncertain future events, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

The following are the critical judgements and estimations that have been made by the management in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amount recognised in the Standalone Financial Statements and/or key sources of estimation uncertainty that may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.

i. Revenue recognition:

The Company recognises unfinished voyage income and related expenses based on management's estimates of the total number of days required to complete the voyage from the port of origin for the voyage to the port of destination given its operational performance during the period. The actual travel time per voyage may differ due to numerous reasons such as the size of the ship being loaded, cargo type and quantity, ship speed as well as delays occasioned by weather or due congestion at load or discharge

ports etc., leading to differences in unfinished voyage income and expenses to be recognised for voyages in-transit at the end of the period.

ii. Useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment:

As described in 3(c) above, the management reviews the useful lives of property, plant and equipment at least once a year. Such lives for the fleet are dependent upon an assessment of both the technical lives of the assets and also their likely economic lives based on various internal and external factors including relative efficiency and operating costs, historical planned and scheduled maintenance, the operating condition of the vessel etc. Accordingly, depreciable lives are reviewed annually using the best information available to the Management.

Residual values for each vessel in the fleet are estimated based on the current steel scrap rate (adjusted for related cost of disposal) applied to the light weight of each vessel at the end of each financial year. Depending on the market conditions, if the residual value of a vessel is higher than its net book value. Company suspends depreciation until such time as the residual value falls below the net book value of the vessel. The residual value of other property, plant and equipment is considered at 5% unless based on technical review, actual residual value post technical / economic lives are significantly different.

It is possible that the estimates made based on existing experience are different to the actual outcomes within the following financial periods and could cause a material adjustment to the carrying amount or depreciation charge on property, plant and equipment.

iii. Contingencies:

In the normal course of business, contingent liabilities may arise from litigation and other claims against the Company. Potential liabilities that are possible but not probable of crystallising or are very difficult to quantify reliably are treated as contingent liabilities. Such liabilities are disclosed in note 34 to the Standalone Financial Statements but are not recognized in books. The management decides whether the matters need to be classified as 'remote,' 'possible' or 'probable' based on expert advice, past judgements, terms of the contract etc. The Company's assessment of exposure to contingencies could change as new developments occur or more information becomes available. The outcome of the contingencies could vary significantly and could materially impact the Company's results and financial position.

iv. Expected credit losses:

The Company assesses its expected credit losses at each reporting date. Allowances are applied to receivables where events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Key assumptions applied are experience (including comparisons of the relative age of accounts and consideration of actual write-off history), customer creditworthiness, changes in customer payment terms, the estimated debt recovery rates and future market conditions that could affect recovery. The actual level of debt collected may differ from the estimated levels of recovery.

v. Defined benefit plans:

The cost of a defined benefit plan and other post-employment benefits and the present value of such obligations are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual development in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary escalations and mortality rates etc. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each financial year end.

vi. Fair value measurements

When the fair values of financial assets or financial liabilities recorded or disclosed in the financial statements cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the discounted cash flow model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include consideration of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility.

vii. Preparation of financials statements on going concern basis

Company prepares financial statements on a Going Concern assuming the cash flows generation from the continuation of operations including recovery against the insurance receivables, outflow for capital expenditure and the repayment obligations of debt and interest for the next twelve months. In calculating the cash flow generation from the business, certain assumptions are required to be made in respect of highly uncertain matters, including management's expectations of earnings, interest cost and capex outflow to reflect the risks involved.

4B. Recent Accounting and Other Pronouncements:

New and amended standards adopted by the Company:

The Company applied for the first-time certain standards and amendments, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2024. The Company has not early adopted any standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is not yet effective.

Ind AS 117 Insurance Contracts

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) notified the Ind AS 117, Insurance Contracts, vide notification dated 12 August 2024, under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2024, which is effective from annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2024.

Ind AS 117 Insurance Contracts is a comprehensive new accounting standard for insurance contracts covering recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure. Ind AS 117 replaces Ind AS 104 Insurance Contracts. Ind AS 117 applies to all types of insurance contracts, regardless of the type of entities that issue them as well as to certain guarantees and financial instruments with discretionary participation features; a few scope exceptions will apply. Ind AS 117 is based on a general model, supplemented by:

* A specific adaptation for contracts with direct participation features (the variable fee approach)

* A simplified approach (the premium allocation approach) mainly for short-duration contracts

The application of Ind AS 117 does not have material impact on the Company's financial statements as the Company has not entered any contracts in the nature of insurance contracts covered under Ind AS 117.

Amendments to Ind AS 116 Leases - Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback

The MCA notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2024, which amend Ind AS 116, Leases, with respect to Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback.

The amendment specifies the requirements that a seller-lessee uses in measuring the lease liability arising in a sale and leaseback transaction, to ensure the seller-lessee does not recognise any amount of the gain or loss that relates to the right of use it retains.

The amendment is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2024 and must be applied retrospectively to sale and leaseback transactions entered into after the date of initial application of Ind AS 116.

The amendments do not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

Standards notified but not yet effective:

On May 07, 2025, MCA has notified amendment to Ind AS 21 on determining when a currency is nonexchangeable and require estimation of the spot exchange rate using observable market-based inputs applicable from May 07, 2025.

The above amendment which is not expected to have any material impact on the financial statements of the Company.