2. Material accounting policies
(A) Statement of Compliance
The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in compliance with Indian Accounting Standards (the ‘Ind AS’) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the ‘Act’) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended and other relevant provisions of the Act. The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the periods presented in the financial statements.
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria as set out in the Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or non¬ current classification of assets and liabilities.
(B) Basis of presentation
The Balance sheet and the Statement of profit and loss are prepared and presented in the format prescribed in the Division II of Schedule III to the Act. The Statement of Cash Flows has been prepared and presented as per the requirements of Ind AS 7, Statement of Cash Flows. The disclosure requirements with respect to items in the Balance sheet and Statement of profit and loss, as prescribed in the Schedule III to the Act, are presented by way of notes forming part of the financial statements along with the other notes required to be disclosed under the notified Accounting Standards and the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015 as amended.
(C) Basis of measurement
The Ind AS financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost convention on accrual basis, except for the following material items that have been measured at fair value as required by relevant Ind AS:-
i) Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy on financial instruments)
ii) Share based payment transactions
iii) Specify others, if any.
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of services and the time between the rendering of service and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current and noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities
(D) Use of estimates
The preparation of Ind AS financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the Management to make estimate and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities as at the Balance Sheet date, reported amount of revenue and expenses for the year and disclosures of contingent liabilities as at the Balance Sheet date. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying Ind AS financial statements are based upon the Management's evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as at the date of the Ind AS financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Revisions to accounting estimates, if any, are recognized in the year in which the estimates are revised and in any future years affected.
2.1 Borrowing costs
costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.
2.2 Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
? In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
? In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability accessible to the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming the market participants act in their economic best interest.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs. The Company's management determines the policies and procedures for fair value measurement such as derivative instrument.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the Ind AS financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
? Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
? Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
? Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
2.3 Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The company has concluded that it is the principal in all of its revenue arrangements since it is the primary obligor in all the revenue arrangements as it has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks.
The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised.
Sale of goods:
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer on delivery of goods. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates.
Rendering of Services:
Revenue from sale of services is recognised as per terms of the contract with customers when the outcome of the transactions involving rendering of services can be estimated reliably.
Interest Income:
For all financial instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR), which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in the other income in the statement of profit and loss.
2.4 Taxes
Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the relevant tax laws and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals.
(A) Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the year end date. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
(B) Deferred tax
Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the balance sheet approach, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in Ind AS financial statements. Deferred income tax is also not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss). Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the year and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilize those temporary differences and losses.
Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.
Current and deferred tax is recognized in statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
2.5 Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each year end whether there is any objective evidence that a non-financial asset or a group of non-financial assets is impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount and the amount of impairment loss.
An impairment loss is calculated as the difference between an asset’s carrying amount and recoverable amount. Losses are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss and reflected in an allowance account. When the Company considers that there are no realistic prospects of recovery of the asset, the relevant amounts are written off. If the amount of impairment loss subsequently decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, then the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed through Statement of Profit and Loss.
The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (as defined below) is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the “cash-generating unit”).
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