Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements.

These accounting policies have been applied to all the years presented by the Company unless otherwise stated.

A. Basis of preparation

i. Statement of compliance

These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as "Ind AS”) under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act') (to the extent notified). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules,

2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.

The Company had adopted the Ind AS standards in accordance with Ind AS 101 First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards during the year ended March 31, 2017.

The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company unless otherwise stated or where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted.

ii. Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis except the following:

• certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) are measured at fair value;

• assets held for sale- measured at fair value less cost to sell;

• defined benefit plans- plan assets measured at fair value; and

• share based payments

iii. Business combinations

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Company, liabilities incurred by the Company to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Company in exchange of control of the acquiree. Acquisition related costs are generally recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred and the fair value of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognised at that date.

B. Summary of significant accounting policies

a. Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current /non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

• Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle.

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading

• Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting date, or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents.

b. Foreign Currencies

The company's financial statements are presented in INR (rounded off to Lakhs), which is also the company's functional currency.

Transaction and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the company in their functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting period.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items are recognized in the statement of profit or loss except.

• exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings;

• exchange differences on transactions entered in order to hedge certain foreign currency risks

• exchange differences on monetary items receivable from or payable to a foreign operation for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur (therefore forming part of the net investment in foreign operation), which are recognized initially

in other comprehensive income and reclassified from equity to profit or loss on repayment of the monetary items.

• Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates as at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e. translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognized in OCI or profit or loss are also recognized in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).

c. Revenue recognition

The Company derives revenues primarily from E-Governance Services and B2B trading.

Ind AS 115 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers” provides a control- based revenue recognition model and provides a five step application approach to be followed for revenue recognition.

• Identify the contract(s) with a customer;

• Identify the performance obligations;

• Determine the transaction price;

• Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations;

• Recognize revenue when or as an entity satisfies performance obligations

Sale of Services

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when performance of the services as agreed with the customer has been completed, at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those services. The method of recognizing the revenues and costs depends on the nature of the services rendered. Revenue is recognized when no significant uncertainty exists as to its realization or collection.

The Company recognizes the income for proving E-Governance Services and B2B trading and last mile delivery upon providing services or delivery of shipment to end customers.

The amount recognised as revenue in its Statement of Profit and Loss is exclusive of Goods and Service Tax and is net of discounts.

Contract balances

Trade receivables

A receivable represents the Company's right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). Refer to accounting policies of financial assets in section (g) Financial Instruments.

Contract liabilities

A contract liability is the obligation to perform the services as agreed with the customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. A contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.

Interest Income

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial assets to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Dividend Income

Dividend income from investments is recognized when

the shareholder's right to receive payment has been established.

d. Property, Plant and Equipment

All items of property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost. Such cost includes the cost of replaced part of the property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying property, plant and equipment. The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized as an asset if, and only if, it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognized impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalized in accordance with the company's accounting policy. Such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

Subsequent to recognition, property, plant and equipment (excluding freehold land) are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced in intervals, the company recognizes such parts as individual assets with specific useful lives and depreciation respectively. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement cost only if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

Depreciation is recognized so as to write off the cost of assets (other than freehold land and properties under construction) less their residual values over the useful lives, using the straight- line method ("SLM”). Management believes based on a technical evaluation that the useful lives of the assets reflect the periods over which these assets are expected to be used, which are as follows:

The carrying values of property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

The residual values, useful life and depreciation method are reviewed at each financial year-end to ensure that the amount, method and period of depreciation are consistent with previous estimates and the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the items of property, plant and equipment.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in profit or loss.

;. Taxation

Income tax expense is recognized in net profit in the statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in other comprehensive income or equity, in which case it is recognized in other comprehensive income or equity respectively. Current income tax is recognized at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. The Company offsets, on a year to year basis, the current tax assets and liabilities, where it is has legally enforceable right to do so and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Deferred taxes

Deferred tax is recognized on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and are accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences, and deferred tax assets

• Level 3 —Valuation techniques for which the

lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

This note summaries accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

g. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

AAt the end of each reporting period, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cashgenerating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cashgenerating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cashgenerating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized in the profit or loss.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset ( or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset ( or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

h. Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial Assets

a) Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

b) Subsequent measurement

Debt Instruments at amortised cost:

A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortized cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortized cost is recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized or impaired.

Debt instrument at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (OCI)

A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment gains or losses and foreign exchange gains and losses in the statement of profit and loss. On derecognition of the asset, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity to statement of profit and loss.

Debt instrument at Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

A financial asset which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as fair value through other comprehensive income is classified as fair value through profit or loss. Debt instruments subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Equity instruments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

Dividends from such investments are recognized in profit or loss as other income. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Investment in subsidiaries is carried at cost in the financial statements

c) De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the company balance sheet) when:

The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'passthrough' arrangement; and either (a) the company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the company's continuing involvement. In that case, the company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the company could be required to repay.

d) Impairment of financial assets

The Company recognises impairment loss applying the expected credit loss (ECL) model on the financial assets measured at amortized cost, debt instruments at FVTOCI, lease receivables, trade receivables, other contractual right to receive cash or other financial asset and financial guarantee not designated as at FVTPL.

Expected credit losses are the weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights.

The Company measures the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. If the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12 months expected credit losses.

For trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 11 and Ind AS 18, the Company always measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.

Further, for the purpose of measuring lifetime expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables, the Company applies 'simplified approach' permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments. This expected credit loss allowance is computed based on a provision matrix which considers historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information.

Financial Liabilities

a) Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

b) Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind-AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognized in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk is recognized in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognized in the statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, except for contingent consideration recognized in a business combination which is subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the effective interest rate amortization process.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate. Such amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognized initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognized less cumulative amortization.

c) Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability.

The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of profit or loss.

d) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

i. Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost on First-InFirst-Out (FIFO) or net realizable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost of inventories comprises all costs of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Cost of purchased inventory is determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

j. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets that necessarily takes a substantial period to get ready for their intended use or sale are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognized in statement of profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred

k. Equity Instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

Dividends

Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorized and no longer at the discretion of the Company, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.