We have audited the accompanying standalone financial statements of Aptech Limited ("the Company”), which comprise the Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2024, the Statement of Profit and Loss (including Other Comprehensive Income), the Statement of Changes in Equity, the Statement of Cash Flows for the year then ended and notes to the standalone financial statements, including a summary of the material accounting policies and other explanatory information (hereinafter referred to as ''the standalone financial statements'').
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the aforesaid standalone financial statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013, as amended ("the Act") in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the Indian Accounting Standards prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended, ("Ind AS") and other accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at March 31, 2024, its profit and total comprehensive income, the changes in equity and its cash flows for the year ended on that date.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit of the standalone financial statements in accordance with the Standards on Auditing specified under Section 143(10) of the Act (SAs). Our responsibilities under those Standards are further described in the "Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements" section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the "Code of Ethics" issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ("ICAI") together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the standalone financial statements under the provisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion on the standalone financial statements.
Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the standalone financial statements as a whole, for the year ended March 31, 2024 and in forming our opinion thereon and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. We have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report:
The Key Audit Matters
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How the matter was addressed in our audit
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Revenue Recognition
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Ind AS 115 provides a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is recognised. This involves certain key judgments relating to identification of distinct performance obligations, if any, determination of transaction price of identified performance obligations, the appropriateness of the basis used to measure revenue recognised over a period or at a point in time.
The application to Ind AS is complex and more particularly, when an entity derives its revenue from providing services. The Company provides services to its customers under varied arrangements which are to be evaluated for recognition of revenue; also, establishing an appropriate year-end position requires significant judgment and estimation by management.
Also, with effect from April 1, 2021, for the Domestic Retail segment, the Company has, in a phased manner, converted its franchise centres from royalty-based fees to student delivery-based service. This shift in model is applicable to each centre from their respective migration date. During this transition phase, the revenue is recognised under both the royalty fees as well as the student delivery-based fees model, as applicable to the respective centres.
Additionally, Ind AS 115 requires comprehensive disclosures.
Considering all these aspects, the revenue recognition is considered to be a key audit matter.
[Refer Notes 2.n and 28 to the standalone financial statements].
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Our audit procedures included, among others, the following:
• Evaluated the design and operating effectiveness of the processes and internal controls relating to recognition of revenue in terms of Ind AS 115;
• Evaluated the accounting policy of recognising revenue;
• Evaluated the detailed analysis performed by management on revenue streams for each segment by selecting samples for the existing contracts with customers and considered revenue recognition policy in the current period in respect of those revenue streams;
• Evaluated the processes for identifying and distinguishing between centers that have been converted to the student delivery-based service and those yet to be converted;
• Evaluated the manner of recording the revenue for transactions with the students, including the agreements with franchisee/business partners, modification in software, procedures for recording of Goods and Services Tax collected and payment thereof alongwith its compliance;
• Evaluated the appropriateness and assessed the completeness of the disclosures in accordance with the requirements of Ind AS 115.
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The Key Audit Matters
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How the matter was addressed in our audit
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Allowance for Expected Credit Loss of Trade Receivables and Bad Debts written off
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Provision for impairment by way of Allowance for Expected
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Our audit procedures included, among others, the
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Credit Loss (ECL) of Trade Receivables as also write off, if any, require -
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following:
• Obtained sufficient and appropriate audit evidence
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• the appropriateness of accounting policies for determination
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about whether policies, operational procedures,
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of Allowance for ECL and the amounts to be written off as
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internal control systems and other relative
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Bad Debts;
• operational procedures and systems of internal control in
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assumptions for estimation and determination of Allowance for ECL are reasonable;
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estimation of ECL and the amounts to be written off as Bad
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• Objectively evaluated the estimates made in
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Debts;
• estimation of expected losses and appropriate assumptions
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the broader context of the standalone financial statements as a whole;
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and significant judgments on the recoverability of receivables;
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• Based on discussions with the management of the Company, familiarised ourselves with the latter's
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• the completeness, accuracy, relevance and reliability of
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analysis of the risks and status of each significant
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historical information;
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reported litigation;
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• the Company's overall review of the estimate; and
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• Evaluated the lawyers' advice and communication
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• the clarity and reasonableness of related ECL disclosures
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with other parties to the suits;
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and the amounts to be written off as Bad Debts.
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• Assessed the estimates and assumptions adopted by
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The Company has certain litigations for services provided
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the Company in determining the need to recognise
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under contracts with its customers. The Company's estimates
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a provision and where applicable, its amounts and if
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of expected losses also consider the use of assumptions and
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required, the write off;
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assessments of outcome of these litigations.
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• Evaluated the completeness of disclosures in respect
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In view of the determination of the basis and quantum of
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of Allowance for Expected Credit Loss and the
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Allowance of ECL and Bad Debts written off, it is a significant item in the standalone financial statements and hence, considered to be a key audit matter.
[Refer Notes 2.m.vi, 12 and 16 to the standalone financial statements]
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amounts to be written off as Bad Debts.
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Information Other than the Standalone Financial Statements and Auditor’s Report Thereon
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Board's Report including Annexures to Board's Report, Management Discussion and Analysis, Corporate Governance and Shareholder's Information, but does not include the standalone financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The aforesaid other information is expected to be made available to us after the date of this auditor's report.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above when it becomes available and in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the standalone financial statements, or our knowledge obtained during the course of our audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
When we read the other information identified above, if, based on the work we have performed, we conclude
that there is a material misstatement therein, we are required to communicate the matter to those charged with governance and take necessary actions as applicable under the relevant laws and regulations.
Management’s Responsibility for the Standalone Financial Statements
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the matters stated in Section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparation and presentation of these standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view of the financial position, financial performance (including other comprehensive income), changes in equity and cash flows of the Company in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the Ind AS specified under Section 133 of the Act read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended.
This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding the assets of the Company and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selection and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgements and estimates that are reasonable and
prudent; and the design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the standalone financial statements, the Board of Directors is responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
The Board of Directors is also responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process.
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the standalone financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the standalone financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under Section 143(3) (i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the Company has adequate internal financial controls with reference to financial statements in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty
exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the standalone financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the standalone financial statements, including the disclosures and whether the standalone financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
Materiality is the magnitude of misstatements in the standalone financial statements that, individually or in aggregate, makes it probable that the economic decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable user of the standalone financial statements may be influenced. We consider quantitative materiality and qualitative factors in (i) planning the scope of our audit work and in evaluating the results of our work; and (ii) to evaluate the effect of any identified misstatements in the standalone financial statements.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
1. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purpose of our audit;
b. In our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company so far as
it appears from our examination of those books, except for the matter stated in paragraph 1(i)(vi) under the heading of "Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements” on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended);
c. The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss (including Other Comprehensive Income), the Statement of Changes in Equity, the Statement of Cash Flows and notes to the standalone financial statements dealt with by this Report are in agreement with the books of account;
d. In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financial statements comply with the Ind AS specified under Section 133 of the Act, read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended;
e. On the basis of written representations received from the directors as on March 31, 2024, taken on record by the Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as on March 31, 2024, from being appointed as a director in terms of Section 164(2) of the Act;
f. With respect to the internal financial controls with reference to financial statements of the Company and the operating effectiveness of such controls, refer to our separate report in "Annexure A”;
g. With respect to the matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with requirement of Section 197(16) of the Act, as amended;
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the remuneration paid during the current year by the Company to its directors is in accordance with the provisions of Section 197 of the Act;
h. The remarks relating to the maintenance of accounts and other matters connected therewith are as stated in paragraph (1)(b) above on reporting under section 143(3)(b) of the Act and paragraph 1(i)(vi) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended) under the heading of "Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements”;
i. With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, as amended, in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
i. The Company has disclosed the impact of pending litigations on its financial position in its standalone financial statements - Refer Note 40 to the standalone financial statements;
ii. The Company did not have any long-term contracts including derivative contracts for
which there were any material foreseeable losses as required under the applicable law or accounting standards;
iii. There has been no delay in transferring amounts, required to be transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Company during the year ended 31 March 2024.
iv. (a) The Management has represented that,
to the best of its knowledge and belief, no funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Intermediaries”), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall, whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company ("Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries [Refer Note 45(v) to the standalone financial statements];
(b) The Management has represented that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, no funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been received by the Company from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Funding Parties”), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall, whether, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party ("Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries [Refer Note 45(vi) to the standalone financial statements];
(c) Based on such audit procedures that have been considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the representations under sub-clause (i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e), as provided in (a) and (b) above, contain any material misstatement;
v. (a) The interim dividend paid by the Company
during the year in respect of the interim dividend declared for the previous financial year is in accordance with section 123 of the Act to the extent it applies to payment of dividend(s);
(b) The interim dividend declared by the Company subsequent to the year end for the financial year under reporting is in accordance with section 123 of the Act to the extent it applies to declaration of dividend. However, the said dividend is yet to be paid on the date of this audit report;
vi. Based on our examination which included test checks, the Company has used an accounting software for maintaining its books of account which has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software, except that, the audit trail feature was not enabled at the database level to log any direct data changes. Further, during the course of our audit we did not come across any instance of audit trail feature being tampered with;
As proviso to Rule 3(1) of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, is applicable from April 1, 2023, reporting under Rule 11(g) of
Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 on preservation of audit trail as per the statutory requirements for record retention is not applicable for the financial year ended March 31, 2024.
2. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 ("the Order”), issued by the Central Government of India in terms of Section 143(11) of the Act, we enclose in the "Annexure B”, a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
For BANSI S. MEHTA & CO.
Chartered Accountants Firm Registration No. 100991W
PARESH H. CLERK
Partner
PLACE : Mumbai Membership No. 036148
DATED : May 2, 2024 UDIN : 24036148BKHAZA9120
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