1. We have audited the accompanying standalone financial statements of CL Educate Limited (‘the Company'), which comprise the Balance Sheet as at 31 March 2024, the Statement of Profit and Loss (including Other Comprehensive Income), the Statement of Cash Flow and the Statement of Changes in Equity for the year then ended, and notes to the standalone financial statements, including material accounting policy information and other explanatory information.
2. In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the aforesaid standalone financial statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013 (‘the Act') in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the Indian Accounting Standards (‘Ind AS') specified under section 133 of the Act read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and other accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at 31 March 2024, and its profit (including other comprehensive income), its cash flows and the changes in equity for the year ended on that date.
Basis for Opinion
3. We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standards on Auditing specified under section 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (‘ICAI') together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements under the provisions of the Act and the rules thereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Key Audit Matter(s)
4. Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
5. We have determined the matter(s) described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report.
Key audit matter
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How our audit addressed the key audit matter
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Revenue recognition (Refer note 2(B)(iii) and note 33 to the accompanying Standalone financial statements)
We refer to the Company's Material accounting policies in note 2(B)(iii) and the revenue related disclosures in note 33 of the Standalone financial statements.
Revenue is a key business driver and has significant impact on the financial statements of the Company and is therefore, susceptible to misstatement.
Revenue recognition under Ind AS 115, ‘Revenue from contracts with customers' (‘Ind AS 115') involves significant judgement by the management in identification of separate performance obligations in contracts with multiple performance obligations, determining transaction price in view of discount offered to the customers, allocation of such transaction price to the identified performance obligations to ensure the revenue is booked in correct periods.
With respect to revenue recognition from fixed price contracts, the revenue is recognised in Statement of profit and loss over the period of the contract in proportion to the stage of completion of the service at reporting date.
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Our audit procedures included but not limited to the following:
• Assessed the appropriateness of the Company's revenue recognition policy in accordance with Ind AS 115 including evaluation of management's assessment of performance obligations determined to be satisfied over a period of time and at a point of time and related method of measuring progress towards complete satisfaction of such performance obligation.
• Obtained understanding of the revenue recognition process and evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of key controls implemented by the Company in relation to revenue recognition including discounts.
• Performed test of details for samples selected from revenue transactions recorded during the year, and during a specific period before and after year end, by inspecting invoices and other related supporting documents for such samples. to ensure revenue has been recorded as per the accounting policy of the Company for such samples in the correct period with correct amounts.
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Key audit matter
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How our audit addressed the key audit matter
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Considering various types of revenue generating activities of the Company, significant volume of transactions, the materiality of amounts involved, and significant judgements involved as mentioned above, revenue recognition was identified as a key audit matter for the current year audit.
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• Performed analytical procedures which included review of price, quantity and discounts variances and month-to-month ratio analysis based on customer level and company level data.
• Evaluated the adequacy and accuracy of relevant disclosures made in the Standalone financial statements in accordance with Ind AS 115.
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Loss allowance for Trade Receivables (Refer Note 2(B)(iii) and Note 15 to the accompanying Standalone financial statements)
The Company has trade receivables of ' 6,587.48 lacs as at 31 March 2024 (net of impairment of ' 238.00 lacs). During the year, the Company has recorded a charge of ' 1,179.52 lacs towards bad debts for such trade receivables.
Owing to the nature of the operations of the Company and related customer profiles, the Company has significant long standing trade receivable balances, for which appropriate loss allowance is required to be created for expected credit losses using simplified approach in accordance with the requirements of Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments, measuring the loss allowance equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.
For the purpose of expected credit loss assessment of trade receivables, significant judgement is required by the management to estimate the timing and amount of realisation of these receivables basis the past history, customer profiles and consideration of other internal and external sources of information.
Considering the significant judgement involved, high estimation uncertainty and materiality of the amounts involved, we have identified loss allowance on trade receivables as a key audit matter for the current year audit.
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Our audit procedures included but not limited to the following:
• Understanding the trade receivables process and evaluating design and testing the operating effectiveness of control with regards to valuation of trade receivables.
• Testing the accuracy of ageing of trade receivables at year end on sample basis.
• Obtained a list of outstanding trade receivables, identified significant long outstanding receivables, and discussed plan of recovery with the management.
• Circularised balance confirmations to a sample of trade receivables and reviewed the reconciling items, if any.
• Verified the appropriateness of management judgement with respect to measurement of ECL provision for trade receivables in accordance with Ind As 109.
• Tested subsequent settlement of trade receivables after the balance sheet date on a sample basis, as applicable.
• Verified the related disclosures made in notes to the standalone financial statements in accordance with Ind AS 115 and Ind AS 109.
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Information other than the Financial Statements and Auditor’s Report thereon
6. The Company's Board of Directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report, but does not include the standalone financial statements and our auditor's report thereon.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the standalone financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.
Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Standalone Financial Statements
7. The accompanying standalone financial statements have been approved by the Company's Board of Directors. The Company's Board of Directors are responsible for the matters stated in section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparation and presentation of these standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view of the financial position, financial performance including other comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows of the Company in accordance with the Ind AS specified under section 133 of the Act and other accounting principles generally accepted in India. This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Company and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selection and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy
and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the financial statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
8. In preparing the financial statements, the Board of Directors is responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Board of Directors either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
9. The Board of Directors is also responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process.
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements
10. Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Standards on Auditing will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
11. As part of an audit in accordance with Standards on Auditing, specified under section 143(10) of the Act we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control;
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, Under section 143(3) (i) of the Act we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the Company has adequate internal financial controls with reference to financial statements in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls;
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management;
• Conclude on the appropriateness of Board of Directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern; and
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. and
12. We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
13. We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
14. From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
15. As required by section 197(16) of the Act based on our audit, we report that the Company has paid remuneration to its directors during the year in accordance with the provisions of and limits laid down under section 197 read with Schedule V to the Act.
16. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 (‘the Order') issued by the Central Government of India in terms of section 143(11) of the Act we give in the Annexure I
a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of
the Order, to the extent applicable.
17. Further to our comments in Annexure I, as required by section
143(3) of the Act based on our audit, we report, to the extent
applicable, that:
a) We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purpose of our audit of the accompanying standalone financial statements;
b) In our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company so far as it appears from our examination of those books except for the matters stated in paragraph 17(g)(vi) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended).
c) The standalone financial statements dealt with by this report are in agreement with the books of account;
d) In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financial statements comply with Ind AS specified under section 133 of the Act;
e) On the basis of the written representations received from the directors and taken on record by the Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as on 31 March 2024 from being appointed as a director in terms of section 164(2) of the Act;
f) The modification relating to the maintenance of accounts and other matters connected therewith are as stated in paragraph 17(b) above on reporting under section 143(3)(b) of the Act and paragraph 17(h)(vi) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended)]
g) With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controls with reference to financial statements of the Company as on 31 March 2024 and the operating effectiveness of such controls, refer to our separate report in Annexure II wherein we have expressed an unmodified opinion; and
h) With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended), in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
i. the Company, as detailed in note 45 (B) to the standalone financial statements, has disclosed the impact of pending litigation(s) on its financial position as at 31 March 2024.
ii. the Company did not have any long-term contracts including derivative contracts for which there were any material foreseeable losses as at 31 March 2024;
i ii. There were no amounts which were required to be transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Company during the year ended 31 March 2024.
iv. a. The management has represented that, to the
best of its knowledge and belief, as disclosed in note 53(A) (v) to the standalone financial statements, no funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or securities premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (‘the intermediaries'), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the intermediary shall, whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (‘the Ultimate Beneficiaries') or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf the Ultimate Beneficiaries;
b. The management has represented that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, as disclosed in note 55(A)(vi) to the standalone financial statements, no funds have been received by the Company from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (‘the Funding Parties'), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall, whether directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (‘Ultimate Beneficiaries') or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries; and
c. Based on such audit procedures performed as considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the management representations under sub-clauses (a) and (b) above contain any material misstatement.
v. The Company has not declared or paid any dividend during the year ended 31 March 2024.
vi. As stated in Note 61 to the standalone financial statements and based on our examination which included test checks, except for instances mentioned below, the Company, in respect of financial year commencing on 1 April 2023, have used accounting software for maintaining its books of account which has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the
same has been operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software. Further, during the course of our audit we did not come across any instance of audit trail feature being tampered with, other than the consequential impact of the exception given below.
Nature of exception noted
Instances of accounting software for maintaining books of account for which the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility was not operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software
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Details of Exception
The audit trail feature was not enabled at database level for accounting software Microsoft Dynamics Navision and CL Zone (used for recording of invoices), to log any direct data changes, used for maintenance of all accounting records by the Company
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For Walker Chandiok & Co LLP
Chartered Accountants
ICAI Firm Registration No.: 001076N/N500013 Neeraj Goel
Partner Membership No.: 099514 UDIN : 24099514BKCMVD7774
Place: New Delhi Date: 08 May 2024
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