1. We have audited the accompanying Standalone financial statements of CreditAccess Grameen Limited ('the Company'), which comprise the standalone Balance Sheet as at 31 March 2025, the standalone Statement of Profit and Loss (including Other Comprehensive Income), the standalone Statement of Changes in Equity and the standalone Statement of Cash Flow for the year then ended, and notes to the standalone financial statements, including material accounting policy information and other explanatory information.
2. In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the aforesaid Standalone financial statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013 ('the Act') in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS') specified under section 133 of the Act read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and other accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at 31 March 2025, and its profit (including other comprehensive income), the changes in equity and its cash flows for the year ended on that date.
Basis for Opinion
3. We conducted our audit of the standalone financial statements in accordance with the Standards on Auditing specified under section 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ('ICAI') together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the standalone financial statements under the provisions of the Act and the rules thereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Key Audit Matters
4. Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the Standalone financial statements of the current financial year. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the standalone financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
5. We have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report.
Key audit matter
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How our audit addressed the key audit matter
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Impairment of financial assets based on Expected Credit Losses (ECL) - (Refer note 3.14 for material accounting policy information and notes 7 and Note 41.2 for financial disclosures in the accompanying standalone financial
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As at 31 March 2025, the Company reported total gross loans of H 25,583.08 crores (2024: H 25,608.40 crores) and expected credit loss provisions of H 1,308.63 crores (2024: H 503.41 crores). The Company has written off loans of H 1,124.29 crores (2024: H 296.21 crores) during the year ended 31 March 2025.
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Our audit focused on assessing the appropriateness of management's judgment and estimates used in the expected credit losses through the following procedures, but were not limited to, the following procedures:
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Key audit matter
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How our audit addressed the key audit matter
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Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments (Ind AS 109) requires
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- Examined the Board of Director's policy approving
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the Company to provide for impairment of its financial
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methodologies for computation of ECL that addresses
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assets using the expected credit loss ('ECL') approach
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policies and procedures for assessing and measuring credit
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involving an estimation of probability of loss on the
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risk on the lending exposures of the Company in accordance
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financial assets over their life, considering reasonable
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with the requirements of Ind AS 109. Further, also examined
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and supportable information about past events, current
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the documentation by management on the parameters and
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conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions
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assumptions used in the ECL model, and its rationale.
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which could impact the credit quality of the Company's
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- Obtained an understanding of the modelling techniques
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financial assets.
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adopted by the Company including the key inputs and
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Expected credit loss cannot be measured precisely but
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assumptions. Since modelling assumptions and parameters
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can only be estimated. The estimation of impairment
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are based on historical data, we assessed whether historical
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loss allowance on financial instruments involves
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experience was representative of current circumstances and
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significant judgement and estimates and applying
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was relevant.
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appropriate measurement principles.
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- Assessed and tested the design and operating effectiveness
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The expected credit loss on loans is calculated using
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of the key controls over the completeness and accuracy of
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the percentage of probability of default (PD), loss given
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the key inputs and assumptions considered for calculation,
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default (LGD) and exposure at default (EAD) for each of
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recording and monitoring of the impairment loss recognized.
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the stages of loan portfolio. The PD and the LGD are the
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- Evaluated the appropriateness of the Company's
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key drivers of estimation complexity in the ECL and as
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determination of significant increase in credit risk in
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a result are considered the most significant judgmental
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accordance with the applicable accounting standard and the
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aspect of the Company's modelling approach.
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basis for classification of exposures into various stages.
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The Expected Credit Loss ("ECL") is measured at
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- Tested the completeness of loans included in the Expected
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12-month ECL for Stage 1 loan assets and at lifetime ECL
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Credit Loss calculations as of 31 March 2025 by reconciling it
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for Stage 2 and Stage 3 loan assets.
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with the balances as per loan balance register. On a test check
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Significant management judgment and assumptions
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basis, we tested the EAD, evaluated management's assessment
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involved in measuring ECL is required with respect to:
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of parameters such as probability of default (PD) or loss given
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• segmentation of loan book in buckets;
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default (LGD) and also tested the data used in the PD and LGD
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• determining the criteria for a significant increase in
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model for ECL calculation by reconciling it to the source data. Further, we tested assets in stage 1,2 and 3 on a sample basis
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credit risk, including qualitative factors;
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to verify that they were allocated to the appropriate stage.
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• factoring in future economic assumptions;
• past experience and forecast data on customer
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- On a test check basis, ensured compliance with RBI Master Circular on 'Prudential Norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to advances'
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behaviour on repayments; and
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('IRACP1) read with RBI circular on 'Prudential norms on Income
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• techniques used to determine probability of default,
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Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances - Clarifications' dated 12 November 2021 along with
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loss given default and exposure at default basis
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RBI notification RBI/2021-2022/158 dated 15 February 2022, in
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the default history of loans, subsequent recoveries
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relation to identification, upgradation and provisioning of non¬
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made and other relevant factors.
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performing assets (NPAs) and ensured that the Company has
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The disclosures (including disclosures prescribed by RBI) regarding the Company's application of Ind AS 109
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classified NPAs as credit impaired loans.
- Evaluated the appropriateness of the methodology and
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are key to explaining the key judgements and material
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policy laid down and implemented by the Company for the
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inputs to the Ind AS 109 ECL results.
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loan portfolio written-off during the year and tested the
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Considering the significance of the above matter to the standalone financial statements, degree of estimation uncertainty and significant management judgment involved, this area requires significant auditor attention
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authorisation for write-off on a sample basis.
- In addition to the above procedures, we have obtained written representations from the management in relation to appropriateness of such ECL methodology and
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to test the calculation of expected credit losses, and
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reasonableness of the judgements and assumptions used.
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accordingly, this matter has been identified as a key
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- Assessed the appropriateness and adequacy of the related
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audit matter for current year audit.
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presentation and disclosures in the accompanying financial
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statements in accordance with the applicable accounting standards and related RBI circulars/ guidelines.
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Key audit matter
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How our audit addressed the key audit matter
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Information technology system for accounting and financial reporting process
The Company is dependent on its information technology
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Our key audit procedures with the involvement of our IT
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('IT') systems due to processing and recording of large
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specialists included, but were not limited, to the following:
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volume of business transactions daily across various
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- Obtained an understanding of the Company's information
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locations. Accordingly, the Company's accounting
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processing systems, databases, operating systems and
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and financial reporting processes are dependent on
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IT General Controls, automated controls and manual IT
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automated and manual IT dependent controls which
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dependent controls which were relevant to our audit;
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impact key financial accounting and reporting items
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- Tested the design and operating effectiveness of the
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such as loans, interest income, computation of daily
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Company's IT controls over the IT applications as identified
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Days Past Due (DPD) amongst others.
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above.
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The controls implemented by the Company in its
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- On such IT systems, we have tested the IT General
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IT environment determine the integrity, accuracy, completeness and validity of data that is processed
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Controls around user access management, system change management, and IT operational controls along with
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by the applications and is ultimately used for financial reporting.
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segregation of duties around program maintenance, security administration and over key financial accounting
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Since our audit strategy included focus on entity's
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and reporting processes;
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information processing systems relevant to our audit
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- Tested the automated controls, manual IT dependent
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due to their pervasive impact on the financial statements
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controls and information generated by the entity's
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and efforts involved in testing of the IT general controls, automated controls and manual IT dependent controls of the IT systems, we have determined the use of
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information processing systems for loans, interest income and computation of daily DPD ;
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information processing system for accounting and
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- Tested other areas that were assessed under the IT
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financial reporting as a key audit matter.
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control environment included backup management, batch
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processing and interfaces; and
- In addition to the above procedures, we have obtained written representations from management on whether IT general controls, automated IT controls and manual IT dependent controls are designed and were operating effectively during the year.
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Information other than the Standalone Financial Statements and Auditor's Report thereon
6. The Company's Board of Directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report, but does not include the standalone financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The Annual Report is expected to be made available to us after the date of this auditor's report.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does not cover the other information and we will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above when it becomes available and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the standalone financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
When we read the Annual Report, if we conclude that there is a material misstatement therein, we are required to communicate the matter to those charged with governance.
Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Standalone Financial Statements
7. The accompanying standalone financial statements have been approved by the Company's Board of Directors. The Company's Board of Directors are responsible for the matters stated in section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparation and presentation of these standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view of the financial position, financial performance including other comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows of the Company in accordance with the Ind AS specified under section 133 of the Act and other accounting principles generally accepted in India. This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Company and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selection and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the financial statements
that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
8. In preparing the standalone financial statements, the Board of Directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Board of Directors either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
9. The Board of Directors are also responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process.
Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements
10. Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the standalone financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Standards on Auditing will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these standalone financial statements.
11. As part of an audit in accordance with Standards on Auditing, specified under section 143(10) of the Act we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the standalone financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control;
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3)(i) of the Act we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the Company has adequate internal financial controls with reference to standalone financial statements in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls;
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management;
• Conclude on the appropriateness of Board of Directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the standalone financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern; and
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the standalone financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the standalone financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
12. We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
13. We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
14. From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Other Matter
15. The standalone financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31 March 2024 were audited by PKF Sridhar & Santhanam LLP, Chartered Accountants and Varma & Varma, Chartered Accountants, who have expressed unmodified opinion vide their audit report dated 07 May 2024, whose reports have been furnished to Walker Chandiok & Co LLP, and which have been relied upon by Walker Chandiok & Co LLP for the purpose of
our audit of the standalone financial statements. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
16. As required by section 197(16) of the Act, based on our audit, we report that the Company has paid remuneration to its directors during the year in accordance with the provisions of and limits laid down under section 197 read with Schedule V to the Act.
17. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 ('the Order') issued by the Central Government of India in terms of section 143(11) of the Act we give in the Annexure A, a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
18. Further to our comments in Annexure A, as required by section 143(3) of the Act based on our audit, we report, to the extent applicable, that:
a) We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purpose of our audit of the accompanying standalone financial statements;
b) Except for the matters stated in paragraph 18(h) (vi) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended), in our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company so far as it appears from our examination of those books.
c) The standalone financial statements dealt with by this report are in agreement with the books of account;
d) in our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financial statements comply with Ind AS specified under section 133 of the Act;
e) On the basis of the written representations received from the directors and taken on record by the Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as on 31 March 2025 from being appointed as a director in terms of section 164(2) of the Act;
f) The qualification relating to the maintenance of accounts and other matters connected therewith are as stated in, paragraph 18(b) above on reporting under section 143(3)(b) of the Act and paragraph 18(h)(vi) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended);
g) With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controls with reference to financial statements of the Company as on 31 March 2025 and the operating effectiveness of such controls,
refer to our separate report in Annexure B wherein we have expressed an unmodified opinion; and
h) With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended), in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
i. the Company, as detailed in note 34 and note 48(ix) to the standalone financial statements, has disclosed the impact of pending litigation on its financial position as at 31 March 2025.
ii. the Company, as detailed in note 6(B) to the standalone financial statements, has made provision as at 31 March 2025, as required under the applicable law or accounting standards, for material foreseeable losses, if any, on long-term contracts including derivative contracts;
iii. There were no amounts which were required to be transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Company during the year ended 31 March 2025;
iv. a. The management has represented
that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, as disclosed in note 48(vi) to the standalone financial statements, no funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or securities premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ('the intermediaries'), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the intermediary shall, whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company ('the Ultimate Beneficiaries') or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf the Ultimate Beneficiaries;
b. The management has represented that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, as disclosed in note 48(vi) to the standalone financial statements, no funds have been received by the Company from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ('the Funding Parties'), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall, whether directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities
identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party ('Ultimate Beneficiaries') or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries; and
c. Based on such audit procedures performed as considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the management representations under sub-clauses (a) and (b) above contain any material misstatement.
v. The final dividend paid by the Company during the year ended 31 March 2025 in respect of such dividend declared for the previous year is in accordance with section 123 of the Act to the extent it applies to payment of dividend.
vi. As stated in Note 46 of the accompanying standalone financial statements and based on our examination which included test checks, except for instances mentioned below, the Company, in respect of the current financial year, has used accounting software for maintaining its books of account which have a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same have been operated throughout
the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software. Further, during the course of our audit we did not come across any instance of audit trail feature being tampered with, other than the consequential impact of the exceptions given below. Furthermore, except for instances mentioned below, the audit trail has been preserved by the Company as per the statutory requirements for record retention.
a. The audit trail feature was not enabled in entirety at database level for the accounting software used for maintenance of books of account to log any direct data changes upto 06 January 2025. Further, from 07 January 2025 onwards the audit trail feature at database level was not enabled for certain users.
b. The audit trail feature was not enabled at database level for the accounting software used for maintenance of loan origination records to log any direct data changes upto 10 October 2024. Further, from 11 October 2024 onwards the audit trail feature at database level was not enabled for certain users.
c. The audit trail feature at database level was not enabled for certain users for accounting software used for maintenance of loan management records.
For Walker Chandiok & Co LLP For Varma & Varma
Chartered Accountants Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No: 001076N/N500013 Firm Registration No: 004532S
Manish Gujral Srinivas K P
Partner Partner
Membership No. 105117 Membership No. 208520
UDIN: 25105117BMOLKU2283 UDIN: 25208520BMODTP1007
Place: Bengaluru Place: Bengaluru
Date: 16 May 2025 Date: 16 May 2025
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