2.1 There are no immovable properties held by the Company as at 31st March 2024, 31st March 2023 and as at 1st April 2022.

2.2 Using the deemed cost exemption available as per Ind AS 101, the Company has elected to carry forward these carrying value of Property, Plant and Equipment under Indian GAAP as on 31st March 2022 as book value of such assets under Ind AS as at the transition date i.e. 1st April 2022.

13.4. Terms / rights attached to Equity Shares

Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of ^10 each. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting. In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of the preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

As per records of the Company, including its register of shareholders/ members and other declarations received from shareholders regarding beneficial interest, the above shareholding represents both legal and beneficial ownerships of shares.

13.7 Shares reserved for issue under options:

No shares have been issued for consideration other than cash or as bonus shares and no shares have been bought back in the five years immediately preceding the balance sheet date.

14.1. General Reserve

Under the Companies Act 1956, general reserve was created through an annual transfer of net income at a specified percentage in accordance with the Companies (Transfer of profits to reserves) Rules, 1975. Consequent to introduction of the Act, there is no such requirement to mandatorily transfer a specified percentage of the net profit to general reserve.

14.2. Capital Reserve

The purpose for which a capital reserve is created is for preparing the company for sudden events like inflation, business expansion, funds for a new project. A capital reserve is created from capital profit earned through sales of capital assets such as the sale of fixed assets, profit on the sale of shares.

14.3. Securities premium

Security premium represents share issued at premium less share issue expenses. The reserve is utilized in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

14.3. Retained earnings

Retained earnings are the accumulated profits/(losses) earned by the Company till date and includes other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit and loss account, less any transfers to general reserve.

17.1. Interest charged by HDFC Bank @ 8.5% (Floating Rate) on CC Account.

17.2. Primary Securities: - Hypothecation of Stocks and Debtors.

17.3. Collateral Securities: - Industrial property approx. 14,779 sq. feet at plot no. 35A/36, Sector-B, Industrial area, Mandideep, District Raise, pledged as security for CC account with HDFC Bank amounting to Rs 5,12,00,000 and 8 no. Flat at Indus Mandideep approx. 450 sq. feet each pledged as security for CC account with HDFC Bank amounting to Rs 67,25,000.

Note: Deferred tax assets and liabilities have been recognised in accordance with the provisions of IND AS 12 issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India for giving effects for the timing differences between the taxable income and the accounting income for the period that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

Basic EPS amounts are calculated by dividing the profit/loss for the period attributable to equity holders of the company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted EPS amounts are calculated by dividing the profit/loss attributable to equity holders of the company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the period plus the weighted average number of Equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential Equity shares into Equity shares.

33.3. Defined benefit plan:

Company has made an arrangement with Life Insurance Corporation for Gratuity Benefits and Leave Encashment. Now the company makes annual contributions to the Employees' Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme' and 'Leave Encashment including compensated absence' of the Life Insurance Corporation of India, a funded defined benefit plan for eligible employees. The present value of the defined benefit obligation and the related current service cost were measured using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations.

The sensitivity analyses above have been determined based on a method that extrapolates the impact on defined benefit obligation as a result of reasonable changes in key assumptions occurring at the end of the reporting period.

33.12. Actuarial assumptions

(i) Economic assumptions:

The principal assumptions are the discount rate and salary growth rate. The discount rate is generally based upon the market yields available on Government bonds at the accounting date relevant to currency of benefit payments for a term that matches the liabilities. Salary growth rate is Company's long term best estimate as to salary increases and takes account of inflation, seniority, promotion, business plan, HR policy and other relevant factors on long term basis as provided in relevant accounting standard. These valuation assumptions are as

33.15. Other long-term benefits:

An actuarial valuation of compensated absences has been carried out by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit method. The amount recognised as an expense towards compensated absences for the year aggregated to Rs. Nil (31 March 2022: Rs. 757,793).

34. LEASE LIABILITIES

As per IND AS 116, Lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the lessee's incremental borrowing rate as of 1 April 2022. The weighted average lessee's incremental borrowing rate applied to the lease liabilities on 1 April 2022 was 9%.

The lease liabilities are secured by the related underlying assets. The undiscounted maturity analysis of lease liabilities are disclosed in note 35.

The Company has lease for the head office. With the exception of short-term leases and leases with variable lease payments, each lease is reflected on the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability.

Each lease generally imposes a restriction that, unless there is a contractual right for the Company to sublet the asset to another party, the right-of-use asset can only be used by the Company. Leases are either non-cancellable or may only be cancelled by incurring a substantive termination fee. Some leases contain an option to extend the lease for a further term. The Company is prohibited from selling or pledging the underlying leased assets as security against the Company's other debts and liabilities. For this lease, the Company must keep those properties in a good state of repair and return the properties in their original condition at the end of the lease. Further, the Company must insure items of property, plant and equipment and incur maintenance fees on such items in accordance with the lease contracts.

The Company has considered automatic extension option available for the property leases in lease period assessment since the Company can enforce its right to extend the lease beyond the initial lease period as the Company is likely to be benefited by exercising the extension option.

The company has a right to extend/terminate its leasing arrangements beyond the initial agreement/lock in period. For the assessment of lease term as per Ind AS 116, the management of the Company has considered the extension options and not considered the early termination options wherever available for its property leases in its lease period assessment since the Company is likely to be benefited from a longer lease tenure.

34.2. Fair value hierarchy

This section explains the judgements and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments that are:

(a) recognised and measured at fair value and

(b) measured at amortised cost and for which fair values are disclosed in these financial statements.

To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the Company has classified its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under Ind AS 113. An explanation of each level follows underneath the table.

Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices. This includes listed equity instruments, traded bonds and mutual funds that have quoted price. The fair value of all equity instruments (including bonds) which are traded in the stock exchanges is valued using the closing price as at the reporting period.

Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, traded bonds, over-the counter derivatives) is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.

Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities. There have been no transfers between any of the above levels for the years mentioned above.

Valuation technique used to determine fair value

Specific valuation techniques used to value financial instruments include:

- the financial instruments is determined using discounted cash flow analysis.

Valuation process

(i) Level 1 - The fair value of investments in mutual fund units is based on the net asset value (NAV) as stated by the issuers of these mutual fund units in the published statements as at the Balance Sheet date. NAV

represents the price at which the issuer will issue further units of mutual fund and the price at which issuers will redeem such units from the investors.

(ii) Level 3 valuations are discussed with CFO and the finance team at least once every year.

The main level 3 inputs used by the Company are derived and evaluated as follows:

- Risk adjusted discount rates are estimated based on expected cash inflows arising from the instrument and the entity's knowledge of the business and how the current economic environment is likely to impact it. Changes in level 2 and 3 fair values are analysed at the end of each reporting period during the yearly valuation discussion between the CFO and the finance team.

The carrying amounts of trade receivables, trade payables, cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances and other financial assets and liabilities are considered to be the same as their fair values, due to their short-term nature. Non-current loans represent security deposits and other non-current financial assets represents bank deposits (due for maturity after twelve from the reporting date) and interest accrued but not due on bank deposits, the carrying value of which approximates the fair values as on the reporting date.

34.3. Financial risk management

The Company has exposure to the following risks arising from financial instruments:

(i) Credit risk;

(ii) Liquidity risk; and

(iii) Market risk

(a) Risk management framework

The Company's board of directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company's risk management framework. The board of directors has authorized respective business managers to establish the processes, who ensures that executive management controls risks through the mechanism of properly defined framework.

The Company's risk management policies are established to identify and analyses the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed by the business managers periodically to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company's activities. The Company, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to maintain a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.

34.4. Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to discharge an obligation to the company. The company's maximum exposure to credit risk is limited to the carrying amount of following types of financial assets.

- Cash and cash equivalents

- Trade receivables

- Loans carried at amortised cost, and

- Other financial assets

(a) Credit Risk Management

The Company assesses and manages credit risk of financial assets based on following categories arrived on the basis of assumptions, inputs and factors specific to the class of financial assets.

a) Low credit risk

b) Moderate credit risk

c) High credit risk

(c) Cash & cash equivalents and bank deposits

Since the Company deals with only high rated banks and financial institutions, credit risk in respect of cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances and bank deposits is evaluated as very low.

(d) Other financial assets measured at amortised cost

Other financial assets measured at amortised cost includes security deposits, etc. Credit risk is evaluated based on Company's knowledge of the credit worthiness of those parties and loss allowance is measured. Since this category includes loans and receivables of varied natures and purpose, there is no trend that the Company can draw to apply consistently to entire population. For such financial assets, the Company's policy is to provide for 12 month expected credit losses upon initial recognition and provide for lifetime expected credit losses upon significant increase in credit risk. The Company does not have any expected loss based impairment recognised on such assets.

(e) Credit risk exposure

The Company recognizes lifetime expected credit losses on trade receivables using a simplified approach, wherein Company has defined percentage of provision by analysing historical trend of default (net of any recoveries from the insurance companies, if any) relevant to each business segment based on the criteria defined above and such provision percentage determined have been considered to recognise life time expected credit losses on trade receivables (other than those where default criteria are met in which case the full expected loss against the amount recoverable is provided for).

34.5. Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that the Company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time or at reasonable price. The Company's objective is to at all times maintain optimum levels of liquidity to meet its cash and liquidity requirements. The Company closely monitors its liquidity position and maintains adequate source of financing through the use of short term bank deposits, demand loans and cash credit facility. Processes and policies related to such risks are overseen by senior management.

(a) Maturities of financial liabilities

The table below provides details regarding the undiscounted contractual maturities of significant financial liabilities:

34.6. Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: currency rate risk, interest rate risk and other price risks, such as equity price risk and commodity price risk. Financial instruments affected by market risks include loans and borrowings, deposits and foreign currency receivables and payables. The sensitivity analysis in the following sections relate to the position as at 31 March 2024. The sensitivity of the relevant profit and loss item is the effect of the assumed changes in the respective market risks. This is based on the financial assets and financial liabilities held as of 31 March 2024.

(a) Interest rate risk

The Company's fixed deposits are carried at fixed rate. Therefore not subject to interest rate risk as defined in Ind AS 107, since neither the carrying amount nor the future cash flows will fluctuate because of a change in market interest rates.

Sensitivity

Since, the interest rate on Company's borrowings is fixed. Thus, there is no impact of change in interest rate on Company's borrowings.

(c) Price risk

Exposure from investments in mutual funds:

The Company's exposure to price risk arises from investments in mutual funds held by the Company and classified in the balance sheet as fair value through profit or loss. To manage its price risk arising from investments in mutual funds, the Company diversifies its portfolio. Diversification of the portfolio is done in accordance with the limits set by the Company.

Sensitivity

The sensitivity to profit or loss (net of taxes) in case of an increase in price of the instrument by 5% keeping all other variables constant would have resulted in corresponding impact on (losses)/profits by K 31.51 lakhs (31 March 2023 K 18.45 lakhs; 01 April 2022 K 29.32 lakhs).

(d) Foreign exchange risks

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from foreign currency transactions, primarily with respect to US Dollar. Foreign exchange risk arises from recognised assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is not the Company's functional currency. The Company does not use forward contracts and swaps for speculative purposes.

Sensitivity

The sensitivity to profit or loss from changes in the exchange rates arises mainly from financial instruments denominated in USD. In case of a reasonably possible change in INR/USD exchange rates of /- 5 % (previous years /-5%) at the reporting date, keeping all other variables constant, there would have been corresponding impact on losses/profits of ^ 3.70 lakhs (31 March 2023: ^ 0.92 lakhs; 01 April 2022: ^ 1.31 lakhs).

35. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

For the purposes of the Company's capital management, capital includes equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company and all other equity reserves. The primary objective of the Company's capital management is to ensure that it maintains an efficient capital structure and maximize shareholder value. The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and the requirements of the financial covenants. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders or issue new shares. The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements. No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes for managing capital during the year ended 31 March 2024; 31 March 2023 and as at 1 April 2022.

(b) Revenue recognised in relation to contract liabilities

Ind AS 115 also requires disclosure of 'revenue recognised in the reporting period that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period' and 'revenue recognised in the reporting period from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods. Same has been disclosed as below:

38. ADDITIONAL REGULATORY INFOS.No. Additional regulatory information not disclosed elsewhere in the financial statements

1 No proceedings have been initiated on or are pending against the Company for holding benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and Rules made thereunder.

2 The Company has borrowings from banks and financial institutions on the basis of security of current assets and the quarterly statements filed by the Company with banks or financial institution are in agreement with books of accounts.

3 As the Company does not have any loan or other borrowing from any lender, therefore disclosure of wilful defaulter is not applicable.

4 The Company does not have any transactions with companies struck off.

5 The Company has complied with the number of layers of companies prescribed under the Companies Act, 2013.

6 The Company has not entered into any scheme of arrangement which has an accounting impact on current or previous financial year.

7 The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with Registrar of Companies (ROC) beyond the statutory period.

8 The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other persons or entities, including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:

(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

9 The Company has not received any fund from any persons or entities, including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:

(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

10 The Company does not have any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

11 The Company has not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual currency during the current or previous year.

12 The Company has not revalued its property, plant and equipment (including right-of-use assets) or intangible assets or both during the current or previous year.

40. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES

The Company has maintained a recognised in-house research and development facility which is registered with the Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR) under Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India. The Company maintains details of all expenses incurred specifically for Research & development purposes.

41. EXPLANATION TO TRANSITION TO IND AS

These standalone financial statements, for the year ended 31 March 2024, are the first financial statements prepared by the Company in accordance with Ind AS. For periods up to and including the year ended 31 March 2023, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 ('Indian GAAP' or 'Previous GAAP').

First time adoption of Ind AS

Accordingly, the Company has prepared standalone financial statements which comply with Ind AS applicable for periods ending on 31 March 2024, together with the comparative period data as at and for the year ended 31 March 2023, as described in the summary of significant accounting policies. In preparing these standalone financial statements, the Company's opening Ind AS balance sheet was prepared as at 1 April 2022, the Company's date of transition to Ind AS. This note explains the principal adjustments made by the Company in

restating its Previous GAAP standalone financial statements, including the balance sheet as at 1 April 2022 and the financial statements as at and for the year ended 31 March 2023.

The Company has applied Ind AS 101 in preparing these first financial statements. The effect of transition to Ind AS on equity, total comprehensive income and reported cash flows are presented in this section and are further explained in the notes accompanying the tables.

Exemptions and exceptions availed

Set out below are the applicable Ind AS 101 optional exemptions and mandatory exceptions applied in the transition from previous GAAP to Ind AS, as at the transition date, i.e. 1 April 2022.

(a) Deemed cost

As per Ind AS 101, an entity may elect to use carrying values of all Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, intangible assets under development as recognised in the standalone financial statements as at the date of transition to Ind AS, measured as per the Previous GAAP and use that as its deemed cost as at the date of transition. Accordingly, the Company has elected to measure Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets under development and intangible assets at their Previous GAAP carrying values. Refer note 3 of the standalone financial statements.

(b) Estimates

An entity's estimates in accordance with Ind ASs at the date of transition to Ind AS shall be consistent with estimates made for the same date in accordance with previous GAAP (after adjustments to reflect any difference in accounting policies), unless there is objective evidence that those estimates were in error. Ind AS estimates as at 31 March 2023 are consistent with the estimates as at the same date made in conformity with previous GAAP, those estimates should be made to reflect conditions that existed at the date of transition (for preparing opening Ind AS balance sheet) or at the end of the comparative period (for presenting comparative information as per Ind AS).

(c) Classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities

Ind AS 101 requires an entity to assess classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities on the basis of the facts and circumstances that exist at the date of transition to Ind AS. Further if it is impracticable for the company to apply retrospectively the effective interest method in Ind AS 109, the fair value of the financial liability at the date of transition to Ind AS shall be the new grossing amount of that financial asset or the new amortised cost of that financial liability at the date of transition to Ind AS.

(d) De-recognition of financial assets and liabilities

Ind AS 101 requires a first-time adopter to apply the de-recognition provisions of Ind AS 109 prospectively for transactions occurring on or after the date of transition to Ind AS. However, Ind AS 101 allows a first-time adopter to apply the de-recognition requirements in Ind AS 109 retrospectively from a date of the entity's choosing, provided that the information needed to apply Ind AS 109 to financial assets and financial liabilities derecognised as a result of past transactions was obtained at the time of initially accounting for those transactions.

The Company has elected to apply the de-recognition provisions of Ind AS 109 prospectively from the date of transition to Ind AS.

42. RECONCILIATIONS BETWEEN PREVIOUS GAAP AND IND AS

Ind AS 101 requires an entity to reconcile equity, total comprehensive income and cash flows for previous periods. The following tables and notes represents the reconciliations from Previous GAAP to Ind AS.

i) Reconciliation of equity as at 31 March 2023 and 1 April 2022.

ii) Reconciliation of statement of total comprehensive income for the year ended 31 March 2023; and

iii) The impact on cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the year 31 March 2023.

42.7. Notes to first-time adoption:Note 1: Measurement of rental expense

Under the previous GAAP, any escalation in operating lease rentals were straight-lined over the lease term. Under Ind AS, at the commencement date, a lessee shall recognise a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. At the commencement date, a lessee shall measure the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. The lease payments shall be discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the lessee shall use the lessee's incremental borrowing rate. A lessee shall apply the depreciation requirements in Ind AS 16, Property, Plant and Equipment, in depreciating the right-of-use asset.

Note 2: Measurement of investments in mutual funds and other equity instruments

Under Indian GAAP, current investments were stated at lower of cost and fair value.

Under Ind AS, these financial assets have been classified as Fair Value Through Profit and Loss ('FVTPL') on the date of transition to Ind AS and fair value changes after the date of transition have been recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Note 3: Expected credit loss

Under the previous GAAP, provisioning for trade receivables were done on case to case basis. Historically there are no amounts provided for provision for doubtful debts.

Under Ind AS, at initial recognition, an entity shall measure trade receivables at their transaction price if the trade receivable do not contain a significant financing component and subsequently shall measure the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses for trade receivables.

Note 4: Prior period

During the current period, the Company has recorded provision for gratuity and compensated absences and depreciation on investment properties for earlier periods which was erroneously missed in previous year/period.

Note 5: Deferred tax

Under the previous GAAP, deferred tax is calculated using the income statement approach, which focuses on difference between taxable profits and accounting profits for the period. Ind AS 12 -“ Income tax” requires entities to account for deferred taxes using the balance sheet approach, which focuses on temporary differences between the carrying amount of an asset or liability in the balance sheet and its tax base. Application of Ind AS has resulted in recognition of deferred tax on new temporary differences and on the adjustments arising due to adjustments made on transition.

Note 6: Remeasurements of post-employment benefit obligations

Under the previous GAAP, these remeasurements were forming part of the profit or loss for the year.

Under Ind AS, remeasurements i.e. actuarial gains and losses, excluding amounts included in the net interest expense on the net defined benefit liability are recognised in other comprehensive income instead of the statement of profit and loss.