2.13 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

a) Provisions are recognized only when there is a present obligation, as a result of past events and when a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation can be made at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Provisions are discounted to their present values, where the time value of money is material.

b) Contingent liability is disclosed for possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not wholly within the control of the Company or present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

c) Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed except when realisation of income is virtually certain, related asset is disclosed.

d) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

2.14 Employee benefits

a) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits in respect of salaries and wages, including non-monetary benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

b) Defined contribution plans

Company's Contributions to Provident fund are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due.

c) Defined benefit plans

Gratuity is in the nature of a defined benefit plan. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit obligation is calculated on the basis of actuarial valuations carried out at reporting date by independent actuary using the projected unit credit method. Service costs and net interest expense or income is reflected in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Gain or Loss on account of remeasurements are recognised immediately through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur.

d) Other employee benefits

The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated leave which is recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss account as and when they accrue. The liability is calculated based on actuarial valuation using projected unit credit method. These benefits are unfunded.

2.15 Financial instruments, Financial assets, Financial liabilities and Equity instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the relevant instrument and are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value on initial recognition of financial assets or financial liabilities.

i) Financial Assets

(a) Recognition

Financial assets include Investments, Loans, Trade receivables, Advances, Security Deposits, Cash and cash equivalents, etc. Such assets are initially recognised at transaction price when the Company becomes party to contractual obligations. The transaction price includes transaction costs unless the asset is being fair valued through the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(b) Classification

Management determines the classification of an asset at initial recognition depending on the purpose for which the assets were acquired. The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on such classification.

Financial assets are classified as those measured at:

1) amortised cost, where the financial assets are held solely for collection of cash flows arising from payments of principal and/ or interest.

2) fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), where the financial assets are held not only for collection of cash flows arising from payments of principal and interest but also from the sale of such assets. Such assets are subsequently measured at fair value, with unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value being recognised in other comprehensive income.

3) fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), where the assets does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI. Such assets are subsequently measured at fair value, with unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value being recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

Loans, Trade receivables, Advances, Security Deposits, Cash and cash equivalents etc. are classified for measurement at amortised cost while investments may fall under any of the aforesaid classes. However, in respect of particular investments in equity instruments that would otherwise be measured at fair value through profit or loss, an irrevocable election at initial recognition may be made to present subsequent changes in fair value through other comprehensive income.

(c) Impairment

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) held at amortised cost and financial assets that are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are tested for impairment based on evidence or information that is available without undue cost or effort.

The Company recognizes loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model and ECL impairment loss allowance are measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL.

Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

(d) De-recognition

Financial assets are derecognised when the right to receive cash flows from the assets has expired, or has been transferred, and the Company has transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership. If the asset is one that is measured at:

(i) amortised cost, the gain or loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss;

(ii) fair value through other comprehensive income, the cumulative fair value adjustments previously taken to reserves are reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the asset represents an equity investment in which case the cumulative fair value adjustments previously taken to reserves is reclassified within equity.

ii) Financial liabilities

Borrowings, trade payables and other financial liabilities are initially recognised at the value of the respective contractual obligations. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Financial liabilities are derecognised when the liabilities extinguished, that is, when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled and on expiry.

iii) Equity instruments

Equity instruments are recognised at the value of the proceeds, net of direct costs of the capital issue.

iv) Derivatives

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gains / losses is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the timing of recognition in profit or loss / inclusion in the initial cost of non-financial asset depends on the nature of the hedging relationship and the nature of the hedged item.

v) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is included in the Balance Sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

vi) Dividend distribution

Dividends paid is recognised in the period in which the interim dividends are approved by the Board of Directors, or in respect of the final dividend when approved by shareholders.

vii) Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions or market information might be available. For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information might not be available. However, the objective of a fair value measurement in both cases is the same—to estimate the price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liability would take place between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions.

In determining the fair value of financial instruments, the Company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date.

The Company uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation technique:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

2.16 Taxes

Taxes on income comprises of current taxes and deferred taxes. Current tax in the Statement of Profit and Loss is provided as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the period using tax rates and tax laws enacted during the period, together with any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the amounts used for taxation purposes (tax base), at the tax rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilised.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each balance sheet date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Income tax, in so far as it relates to items disclosed under other comprehensive income or equity, are disclosed separately under other comprehensive income or equity, as applicable.

2.17 Earnings per Share

a) Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted-average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

b) For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

The number of equity shares and potential dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share split and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors.

2.18 Operating segments

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker (CODM).

The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Managing Director.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the Financial Statements of the Company as a whole. In addition, the following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment reporting:

a) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/allocable to the segment including inter segment transfers.

b) Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities are identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Segment results represent profits before finance charges, unallocated corporate expenses and taxes. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on direct and/or on a reasonable basis, have been disclosed as "Unallocable".

2.19 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance sheet comprise cash on hand, cheques on hand, balance with banks on current accounts and short term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less and which carry insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the Cash Flow Statement, Cash and cash equivalents consist of Cash and cash equivalents, as defined above and net of outstanding book overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.

2.20 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/loss before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

3. Use of estimates and judgements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period end. Although these estimates are based upon management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

a) Judgements in applying accounting policies

The judgements, apart from those involving estimations (see note below), that the Company has made in the process of applying its accounting policies and that have a significant effect on the amounts recognised in these financial statements pertain to the following:

i) Revenue recognition

Contract revenue is recognised using the percentage of completion method as construction progresses. The percentage of completion is estimated by reference to the stage of the projects determined based on the proportion of costs incurred to date and the total estimated costs to complete.

ii) Recognition of deferred tax assets

The extent to which deferred tax assets can be recognised is based on an assessment of the probability of the Company's future taxable income against which the deferred tax assets can be utilized.

iii) Classification of leases

The Company enters into leasing arrangements for various assets. The classification of the leasing arrangement as a finance lease or operating lease is based on an assessment of several factors, including, but not limited to, transfer of ownership of leased asset at end of lease term, lessee's option to purchase and estimated certainty of exercise of such option, proportion of lease term to the asset's economic life, proportion of present value of minimum lease payments to fair value of leased asset and extent of specialized nature of the leased asset.

b) Key sources of estimation uncertainty

The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period that may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.

i) Revenue and inventories

The Company recognizes Contract revenue using the percentage of completion method. This requires forecasts to be made of total budgeted cost with the outcomes of underlying construction and service contracts, which require assessments and judgements to be made on changes in work scopes, claims (compensation, rebates etc.) and other payments to the extent they are probable and they are capable of being reliably measured. For the purpose of making estimates for claims, the Company used the available contractual and historical information.

ii) Useful lives of property, plant and equipment:

PPE represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset's expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual value of the asset are determined by the management when the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically including at each financial year end. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their lives, such as change in technology.

iii) Estimation of Defined benefit obligations

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each financial year end.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans, the actuary considers the interest rates of government bonds.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

iv) Provisions and contingent liabilities

The Company has ongoing litigations with various regulatory authorities and third parties. Where an outflow of funds is believed to be probable and are liable estimate of the outcome of the dispute can be made based on management's assessment of specific circumstances of each dispute and relevant external advice, management provides for its best estimate of the liability. Such accruals are by nature complex and can take number of years to resolve and can involve estimation uncertainty. Information about such litigations is provided in notes to the financial statements.

Gratuity

The gratuity plan is governed by the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Under the said Act, an employee who has completed five years of service is entitled to specific benefit. The Gratuity plan provides a lumpsum payment to employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment. The level of benefits provided depends on the member's length of service and salary at retirement age etc.

Gratuity Benefits are funded in nature. The liabilities arising in the Defined Benefit Schemes are determined in accordance with the advice of independent, professionally qualified actuaries, using the projected unit credit method at the year end.

(III) Risks related to defined benefit plans:

The main risks to which the Company is exposed in relation to operating defined benefit plans are :

i) Mortality risk : The assumptions adopted by the Company make allowances for future improvements in life expectancy. However, if life expectancy improves at a faster rate than assumed, this would result in greater payments from the plans and consequently increases in the plan's liabilities. In order to minimise this risk, mortality assumptions are reviewed on a regular basis.

ii) Interest Rate Risk : The present value of Defined Benefit Plans liability is determined using the discount rate based on the market yields prevailing at the end of reporting period on Government bonds. A decrease in yields will increase the fund liabilities and vice-versa.

iii) Salary cost inflation risk : The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated with reference to the future salaries of participants under the Plan. Increase in salary due to adverse inflationary pressures might lead to higher liabilities.

(IV) Asset - liability management and funding arrangements

The trustees are responsible for determining the investment strategy of plan assets. The overall investment policy and strategy for Company's funded defined benefit plan is guided by the objective of achieving an investment return which, together with the contribution paid is sufficient to maintain reasonable control over various funding risks of the plan.

(V) Other disclosures :

i) The following are the assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation:

a) Discount rate : The yield of government bonds are considered as the discount rate. The tenure has been considered taking into account the past long term trend of employees' average remaining service life which reflects the average estimated term of the post - employment benefit obligations.

b) Rate of escalation in salary : The estimates of rate of escalation in salary, considered in actuarial valuation, take into account inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors including supply and demand in the employment market. The above information is certified by the actuary.

c) Rate of return on plan assets : Rate of return for the year was the average yield of the portfolio in which Company's plan assets are invested over a tenure equivalent to the entire life of the related obligation.

d) Attrition rate : Attrition rate considered is the management's estimate based on the past long- term trend of employee turnover in the Company.

ii) The Gratuity and Provident Fund expenses have been recognised under "Contribution to Provident and Other Funds" and Leave Encashment under "Salaries and Wages" under Note No. 30

Note:

Corporate Guarantee by Bhoruka Properties Pvt. Ltd. & ABC Financial Services Pvt. Ltd. and personal guarantee by Director Ashish Agarwal against ICICI Bank's OD Limit facility.

8. Segment Reporting disclosures as per Ind AS-108 "Operating Segments":

Operating Segments:

a) Freight and Services b) Petrol Pump Identification of Segments:

The chief operating decision maker monitor the operating results of its business segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the financial statements. Operating segments have been identified on the basis of the nature of products/services and have been identified as per the quantitative criteria specified in the Ind AS.

Segment Revenue and Results:

The expenses and incomes which are not attributable to any business segment are shown as unallocated expenditure (net of unallocated income)

Segment Assets and Liabilities:

Segment assets include all operating assets used by the operating segment and mainly consist of property, plant and equipments, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, bank balance other than cash and cash equivalents etc. Segment liabilities primarily includes trade payables, borrowings and other liabilities.

Common assets and liabilities which cannot be allocated to any of the segments are shown as a part of unallocated Corporate assets/liabilities.

(II) Fair Values Hierarchy

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in the statement of financial position are Companied into three Levels of a fair value hierarchy. The three Levels are denied based on the observability of significant inputs to the measurement, as follows;

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for financial instruments.

Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data rely as little as possible on entity specific estimates.

Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3.

10. Lease disclosures:

I. Company as Lessor:

Company has not given any assets under any finance lease arrangement. All the leases are non cancellable operating leases and the underlying assets continue to reflect under property plant and equipment. Leases have varying terms, renewal rights and escalation terms. Though none of them are substantial in nature.

II. Company as Lessee:

i) Applied the exemption provided on transition and have not recognised the Right of Use asset and Liability for leases which had less than 12 months period on the transition date.

ii) Applied the exemption and have not recognised the impact for leases which are not substantial in value.

iii) Details of movement in Right of use Asset during the year is as follows:

vi) Balance in Lease Liability against leasehold land is Nil as no payment is due against the corresponding right of use.

vii) Incremental borrowing rate applied to lease liability is 10%.

11. Financial risk management

The Company's business activities are exposed to a variety of financial risks, namely liquidity risk, market risks and credit risk. The Company's senior management has the overall responsibility for establishing and governing the Company's financial risk management framework.

(I) Credit risk

Credit risk refers to risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. Credit risk arises primarily from financial assets such as trade receivables, bank balances, loans, investments and other financial assets.

At each reporting date, the Company measures loss allowance for certain class of financial assets based on historical trend, industry practices and the business environment in which the Company operates.

Credit risk with respect to trade receivables are limited, due to the Company's customer profiles are well balanced in Government and Non-Government customers and diversified amongst in various construction verticals and geographies. All trade receivables are reviewed and assessed on a quarterly basis.

Credit risk arising from investments, derivative financial instruments and balances with banks is limited because the counterparties are banks and recognised financial institutions with high credit worthiness.

(i) Provision for expected credit losses

The Company measures Expected Credit Loss (ECL) for financial instruments based on historical trend, industry practices and the business environment in which the Company operates.

For financial assets, a credit loss is the present value of the difference between:

(a) the contractual cash flows that are due to an entity under the contract; and

a) Credit Risk Management

The finance function of the Company assesses and manages credit risk based on internal credit rating system. Internal credit rating is performed for each class of financial instruments with different characteristics. The Company assigns the following credit ratings to each class of financial assets based on the assumptions, inputs and factors specific to the class of financial assets.

12. Capital risk management

The Company's capital management objectives are

- to ensure the Company's ability to continue as a going concern

- to provide an adequate return to shareholders

The Company monitors capital on the basis of the carrying amount of equity less cash and cash equivalents as presented on the face of balance sheet. Management assesses the Company's capital requirements in order to maintain an efficient overall financing structure while avoiding excessive leverage. This takes into account the subordination levels of the Company's various classes of debt. The Company manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares, or sell assets to reduce debt.

13. (I) The Company do not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property also all the property are held in the name of the Company.

(II) The Company do not have any transactions with companies struck off.

(III) The Company do not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.

(IV) The Company have not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.

(V) The Company have not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall: a. directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or b. provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

(VI) The Company have not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall: a. directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or b. provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

(VII) The Company have not any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

(VIII) The Company has borrowings with charge on current assets of the Company . The returns or statements of assets filed by the Company with banks and financial institutions are in agreement with the books of accounts.

(IX) The Company have never been declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or any government authority.

(X) There are no charges which are yet to be registered with the Registrar of Companies beyond the statutory period.

(XI) The borrowings obtained by the company from banks have been applied for the purposes for which such loans were was taken.

(XII) Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards. There is no such notification which would have been applicable from April 1, 2024.

38. The figures for the corresponding previous quarter / year have been regrouped / reclassified wherever necessary, to make them comparable and appropriate disclosure of the regrouping has been given along.

For B D S & Co. For and on behalf of the Board of Directors

Chartered Accountants

Firm's Registration Number 326264E

Shweta Bagaria Sarawgee (Ashish Agarwal) (Siddarth Kapoor)

Partner Managing Director Director

Membership No. 063679 DIN: 00351824 DIN: 02089141

Place: Kolkata (Sanjay Agarwal)

Dated: 28th May, 2024 Company Secretary & Chief Financial Officer

UDIN: 24063679BKHGUH7465