1.14 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.
1.15 Fair value measurement
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or settle a liability in an ordinary transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumption that market participants would use when pricing an asset or a liability acting in their best economic interest. The Company used valuation techniques, which were appropriate in circumstances and for which sufficient data were available considering the expected loss/ profit in case of financial assets or liabilities.
1.16 Operating Cycle
Based on the nature of activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and noncurrent.
1.17 Current and non Current classfication :
i. The assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet are based on current/ non - current classification. An asset as current when it is:
1. Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
2. Held primarily for the purpose of trading
3. Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
4. Cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non - current.
ii. A liability is current when:
1. Expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
2. Held primarily for the purpose of trading
3. Due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
4. There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other liabilities are treated as non - current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non - current assets and liabilities.
Note- 2 Critical and significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions
2.1 Critical estimates and judgements
The following are the critical judgements, apart from those involving estimations that the management have made in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates. These estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to the accounting estimates in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
Useful lives of property, plant and equipment
Management reviews the useful lives of depreciable assets at each reporting. As at March 31, 2021 management assessed that the useful lives represent the expected utility of the assets to the Company. Further, there is no significant change in the useful lives as compared to previous year.
Allowance for expected credit losses:
The expected credit allowance is based on the aging of the days receivables are due and the rates derived based on past history of defaults in the provision matrix.
Income taxes:
Significant judgements are involved in determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions.
2.2 Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the company's financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
Judgements
In the process of applying the company's accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the standalone financial statements:
Determination of lease term & discount rate:
Ind AS 116 leases requires lessee to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The company makes assessment on the expected lease term on lease by lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the company considers factor such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of lease and the importance of the underlying to the company's operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and availability of the suitable alternatives. The lease term in future period is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.
The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.
Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The company based on its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
Impairment of non-financial assets
Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm's length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a Discounted Cash Flow model. The cash flows are derived from the budget for the next five years and do not include activities that the company is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset's performance of the Cash Generating Unit being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the Discounted Cash Flow model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes.
Taxes
Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.
Provision and contingent liability
On an ongoing basis, Company reviews pending cases, claims by third parties and other contingencies. For contingent losses that are considered probable, an estimated loss is recorded as an accrual in financial statements. Loss Contingencies that are considered possible are not provided for but disclosed as Contingent liabilities in the financial statements. Contingencies the likelihood of which is remote are not disclosed in the financial statements. Gain contingencies are not recognized until the contingency has been resolved and amounts are received or receivable.
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