Financial risk management
The Company's Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company's risk management framework. The Board of Directors is responsible for developing and monitoring the Company's risk management policies. The board regularly meets to decide its risk management activities.
The Company's risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company's activities. The Company, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to maintain a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.
The Company's management monitors compliance with the Company's risk management policies and procedures, and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation to the risks faced by the Company. The Board is also assisted by internal audit. Internal audit undertakes both regular and adhoc reviews of risk management controls and procedures, the results of which are reported to the Board of Directors.
The Company has exposure to the following risks arising from financial instruments:
• credit risk - see note (a) below
• liquidity risk - see note (b) below
• market risk - see note (c) below
A.Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counter-party to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company's receivables from customers.
The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer.
However, management also considers the factors that may influence the credit risk of its customer base, including the default risk associated with the industry and country in which customers operate.
Credit risk is managed through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business. On account of adoption of Ind AS 109, the Company uses expected credit loss model to assess impairment loss or gain. The Company uses a matrix to compute the expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables. The provision matrix takes into account available external and internal credit risk factors and Company's historical experience for customers;
• The company has not made any provision on expected credit loss on trade receivables and other financials assets, based on the management estimates.
(ii)Credit risk on cash and cash equivalents is limited as the Company generally invests in deposits with banks and financial institutions with high credit ratings assigned by domestic credit rating agencies.
B.Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company's reputation.
The Company's treasury department within the Finance Department is responsible for liquidity and funding. In addition policies and procedures relating to such risks are overseen by the management.
Market risk is the risk that changes with market prices -such as foreign exchange rates and interest rates, will affect the Company's income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimising the return.
Foreign currency risk is the risk that fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rate. Company transacts business in its functional currency (?) and in other foreign currencies. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Company's operating activities, where revenue or expense is denominated in a foreign currency.
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Company's debt obligations with floating interest rates. The Company manages its interest rates by selection of appropriate type of borrowings and by negotiation with the banker.
43. Capital management
The Company's capital comprises equity share capital, surplus in the statement of profit and loss and other equity attributable to equity holder
The Company's objectives when managing capital are to :
- safeguard their ability to continue as a going concern, so that they can continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and
- maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital.
b. Fair value hierarchy
As per Ind AS 107 "Financial Instrument: Disclosure", fair value disclosures are not required when the carrying amounts reasonably approximate the fair value. As illustrated above, all financial instruments of the company which are carried at amortized cost approximates the fair value (except for which the fair values are mentioned). Investments in Mutual Funds which are designated at FVTPL & investment in shares which are classified as FVTOCI are at fair value.
47. Explanation of transition to Ind AS
These Ind AS financial statements, for the year ended March 31, 2022 are the first financial statements prepared in accordance with Ind AS. For years up to and including the year ended March 31, 2021, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts)
Rules, 2014 ("IGAAP" or "Previous GAAP")
Accordingly, the Company has prepared financial statements which comply with Ind AS applicable for year ending on March 31, 2022 together with comparative period data as at and for the year ending on March 31, 2021 as described in the Basis of Preparation and Summary of Significant Accounting policies. In preparing these financial statements, the Company's opening balance sheet was prepared as at April 1, 2018 being the Company's date of transition to Ind AS.
The financial statements for the years ended March 31, 2022 were prepared in accordance with Ind AS complying with the requirements of SEBI Circular dated March 31, 2016 and Guidance Note on Reports in Company Prospectuses issued by ICAI. For all the years the Company has adopted the same accounting policy and accounting policy choices (both mandatory exceptions and optional exemptions availed as per Ind AS 101) as initially adopted on the transition date, i.e. April 1, 2018.
This note explains exemptions availed by the Company in restating its previous GAAP financial statements, including the balance sheet as at April 1, 2018 and the financial statements as at and for the year ended March 31, 2022.
A. Exemptions availed
Ind AS 101 allows first-time adopters certain exemptions from the retrospective application of certain requirements under Ind AS. The Company has elected to apply the following exemptions :
1. Deemed cost : Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value for all of its property, plant and equipment and intangible assets as recognised in its Indian GAAP financials as deemed cost at the transition date.
2. Designation of previously recognised financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are classified at fair value based on facts and circumstances as at the date of transition to Ind AS. Financial assets and liabilities are recognised at fair value as at the date of transition to Ind AS i.e. April 1, 2018 and not from the date of initial recognition.
3. Leases
Ind AS 116 requires an entity to assess whether a contract or arrangement contains a lease. According to Ind AS 116, this assessment should be carried out at the inception of the contract or arrangement. However the Company has used Ind AS 101 exemption and assessed all arrangements based on conditions in place as the date of transition.
B. Exceptions applied
1. Estimates
The estimates at April 1, 2018 being the transition date and at March 31, 2022 are consistent with those made for the same dates in accordance with Indian GAAP. The estimates used by the Company to present these amounts in accordance with Ind AS reflect conditions as at April 1, 2018 , the date of transition to Ind AS and as of March 31, 2022.
2. De-recognition of financial assets and liabilities
Ind AS 101, requires first-time adopter to apply the derecognition provisions of Ind AS 109 prospectively for transactions occurring on or after the date of transition to Ind AS. However, Ind AS 101 allows a first-time adopter to apply the de-recognition requirements of Ind AS 109, retrospectively from a date of the Company's choosing, provided that the information needed to apply Ind AS 109 to financial assets and financial liabilities de-recognised as a result of past transaction was obtained at the time of initial accounting of transactions. The Company has elected to apply the de-recognition provisions of Ind AS 109 prospectively from date of transition to Ind AS.
3. Classification and measurement of financial assets Ind AS 101 requires an entity to assess classification and measurement of financial assets, on the basis of the facts and circumstances that exist at the transition date to Ind AS.
C. Explanation of transition to Ind AS
An explanation of how the transition from Indian GAAP to Ind AS has affected the Company's financial position, financial performance and cash flow is set out in the following tables and notes that accompany the tables. The reconciliations include -
i. Reconciliation of equity as at March 31, 2021
ii. Reconciliation of total comprehensive income for the period ended March 31, 2021 ;
There are no material adjustments to the cash flow
statements.
D. Statement of reconciliation of total equity and profit and loss as per previous GAAP and Ind AS
Reconciliation of total equity as at March 31, 2021:
Notes to the reconciliations
a. Investment in mutual funds - Under Indian GAAP, long-term investments are valued at cost less provision for other than temporary diminution in the value of such investments. Under Ind AS, investment in mutual funds are classified as 'Fair value through profit and loss' are measured at fair value at each reporting date. The subsequent changes in the fair value of such investments are recognised in statement of profit and loss.
b. Interest-free security deposits (Assets) - Under Indian GAAP, security deposits are recorded at transaction value. Under Ind AS, security deposits given to lessors for leased premises have been fair valued and the difference between the fair value and the transaction value have been presented as a part of right-of-use assets. Right-of-use assets has been depreciated in the statement of profit and loss over the lease term. Interest income on security deposit is recorded using effective interest rate method.
c. Leases - Under Indian GAAP, leases are required to be classify leases as finance lease and operating lease. Operating lease expenses are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Under Ind AS, a single lessee accounting model is prescribed and requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with a lease term of more than 12 months, unless the underlying asset is of low value. A lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payment. Right-of-use asset is depreciated in the statement of profit and loss over the lease term. Interest expenditure on lease liabilities is recorded using effective interest rate method.
d. Employee benefit expenses - actuarial gains and losses and return on plan assets - Under India GAAP, actuarial gains and losses and return on plan assets on post-employment defined benefit plans are recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss. Under Ind AS, remeasurements which comprise of actuarial gains and losses, return on plan assets and changes I the effect of asset, if any, with respect to
post employment defined benefit plans are recognised immediately in other comprehensive income (OCI). Further, remeasurements recognised in OCI are never reclassified to statement of profit and loss.
e. Prior period adjustments - Under Indian GAAP, prior period items are included in determination of profit or loss of the period in which the item is discovered and are separately disclosed in the statement of profit and loss. Under Ind AS, material prior period items are corrected retrospectively by restating the comparative amounts for prior period presented in which the error occurred or if the error occurred before the earliest period presented by restating the opening balance sheet. Under Indian GAAP, the Company did not take actuarial valuation of gratuity provision and its corresponding impact. However while restatement of financial information, impact of actuarial valuation of gratuity provision has been considered.
f. Liability - Preference shares - Under Indian GAAP, preference shares forms part of share capital. Under Ind AS, these preference shares are classified as borrowings (liability) and are subsequently measured at fair value profit or loss account (FVTPL).
g. Borrowings - Under Indian GAAP, transaction costs incurred in connection with borrowings are recognised upfront and charged to profit or loss for the period. Under Ind AS, transaction costs are included in the initial recognition of financial liability and charged to profit or loss using the effective interest method.
h. Income tax - Under Indian GAAP, deferred taxes are recognised using income statement approach i.e. reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income for the period. Under Ind AS, deferred taxes are recognised using balance sheet approach i.e. reflecting the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes using the income tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at reporting date. Further under Ind AS, income tax is recognised in the same statement in which underlying item is recorded.
Information about major customers (External Customers)
The following is the transactions by the Company with external customers individually contributing 10% or more of revenue from operations:
• For the period ended March 31, 2022, revenue from operations of one customer of the Company represented approximately 12.10% of revenue from operations.
• For the year ended March 31, 2021, revenue from operations of one customer of the Company represented approximately 19.38% of revenue from operations.
50. Corporate Social Responsibility
As per the provisions of Section 135 of Companies Act 2013, the Company was required to spend T12.19 MM (March 31, 2021: T6.53 MM). being 2% of average net profits made during the three immediately preceding financial years, in pursuance of its Corporate Social Responsibility Policy on the activities specified in Schedule VII of the Act. However, the Company has spent T12.19 MM (March 31, 2021: T6.53 MM) towards Corporate Social Responsibility activities. Below are the details of the amount spent during the year :
51. Events subsequent to March 31, 2022
a. The Company has issued new 20,24,921 Equity Shares of T10 each @ T642 per share (T632 per share being the Share Premium) on May 5, 2021 during the Pre-IPO stage.
b. The Company has issued new 97,66,355 Equity Shares of T10 each @ T642 per share (T632 per share being the Share Premium) on May 31, 2021 as fresh Issue of Shares being part of the Initial Public Offer (IPO), and 1,11,370 Equity Shares reserved for the eligible employees under the ESOS.
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