(C) Terms/Rights attached to equity shares

The company has only one class of equity shares having a face value of Rs. 2/- each (P.Y Rs. 2/- each). Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend. In the event of liquidation of the company, the equity shareholders will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

Nature and purpose of other reserves

(i) Securities premium

Securities premium is used to record the premium on issue of shares. The reserve can be utilized in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

(ii) Capital reserve

Capital reserve includes transfer of forfeited shares and state subsidy. The reserve is utilised in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013

(iii) Retained earnings

This reserve represents the cumulative profits of the Company and effects of the remeasurement of defined benefit obligations. The reserve is utilised in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013

(iv) General Reserve

This reserve is used to record the transfers made from the retained earnings and was made on account of the requirements of the Companies Act, 2013 for payment of dividends. General reserve is used for strengthening the financial position and meeting future contingencies and losses.

38. Employee benefit plans

(a) Leave obligations

The leave obligation covers the company's liability for earned leave which is unfunded.

(b) Defined contribution plans

The company has defined contribution plans namely provident fund. Contributions are made to provident fund at the rate of 12% of basic salary plus DA as per regulations. The contributions are made to registered provident fund administered by the Government. The obligation of the Company is limited to the amount contributed and it has no further contractual nor any constructive obligation. The expense recognised during the year towards defined contributions plan is as follows:

(c) Defined benefit plan - Gratuity

The company provides for gratuity for employees as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. The amount of gratuity payable on retirement/termination is the employees last drawn basic salary per month computed proportionately for 15 days salary multiplied for the number of years of service. The company operates post retirement gratuity plan with LIC of India. The present value of obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method, which recognises each period of service giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation.

The above sensitivity analysis is based on a change in each assumption while holding all other assumptions constant. In practice, this is unlikely to occur and changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated. When calculating the sensitivity of the defined benefit obligation to significant actuarial assumptions, the same method (present value of the defined benefit obligation calculated with the projected unit credit method at the end of the reporting period) has been applied as when calculating the defined benefit liability recognised in the balance sheet.

(e) Risk exposure

Through its defined benefit plans, the company is exposed to a number of risks, the most significant of which are detailed below: Interest rate risk:

The defined benefit obligation calculated uses a discount rate based on government bonds. If bond yields fall, the defined benefit obligation will tend to increase.

Salary inflation risk:

Higher than expected increases in salary will increase the defined benefit obligation.

Demographic risk:

This is the risk of variability of results due to unsystematic nature of decrements that include mortality, withdrawal, disability and retirement. The effect of these decrements on the defined benefit obligation is not straight forward and depends upon the combination of salary increase, discount rate and vesting criteria. It is important not to overstate withdrawals because in the financial analysis the retirement benefit of a short career employee typically costs less per year as compared to a long service employee.

39. Capital management

(a) Capital management and gearing ratio

For the purpose of the Company's capital management, capital includes issued equity capital, share premium and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders. The primary objective of the company's capital management is to maximise the shareholder value.

The company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and the requirements of the financial covenants. The company monitors capital using a gearing ratio, which is debt divided by total capital. The company includes within debt, interest bearing loans and borrowings.

The Company funds its operations through internal accruals and aims at maintaining a strong capital base to support the future growth of its business.

Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices. This includes listed equity instruments, traded bonds and mutual funds that have quoted price. The fair value of all equity instruments (including bonds) which are traded in the stock exchanges is valued using the closing price as at the reporting period. The mutual funds are valued using the closing NAV.

Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, traded bonds, over-the-counter derivatives) is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.

Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities, contingent consideration and indemnification asset included in level 3.

There are no transfers between levels 1 and 2 during the year. The company's policy is to recognise transfers into and transfers out of fair value hierarchy levels as at the end of the reporting period.

Management uses its best judgement in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments. However, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates presented above are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could have realized or paid in sale transactions as of respective dates. As such, the fair value of financial instruments subsequent to the reporting dates may be different from the amounts reported at each reporting date.

The Company is exposed to market risk (fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates, price and interest rate), liquidity risk and credit risk, which may adversely impact the fair value of its financial instruments. The Company assesses the unpredictability of the financial environment and seeks to mitigate potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Company.

(A) Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises of currency risk, interest rate risk and price risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk include loans and borrowings, trade receivables and trade payables involving foreign currency exposure. The sensitivity analyses in the following sections relate to the position as at March 31,2024 and March 31,2023.

The analysis excludes the impact of movements in market variables on the carrying values of financial assets and liabilties .

The sensitivity of the relevant profit or loss item is the effect of the assumed changes in respective market risks. This is based on the financial assets and financial liabilities held at 31 March 2024 and 31 March 2023.

(i) Foreign currency exchange rate risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the trade/ other payables and trade/other receivables. The risks primarily relate to fluctuations in US Dollar and Euros against the functional currencies of the Company. The Company's exposure to foreign currency changes for all other currencies is not material. The Company evaluates the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations by assessing its exposure to exchange rate risks.

The following tables demonstrate the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in US dollars and Euro exchange rates, with all other variables held constant. The impact on the Company's profit before tax is due to changes in the fair value of monetary assets and liabilities.

(ii) Sensitivity

The sensitivity of profit or loss to changes in the exchange rates arises mainly from foreign currency denominated financial instruments and from foreign forward exchange contracts:

The assumed increase/decrease in interest rate for sensitivity analysis is based on the currently observable market environment.

(B) Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk arising from credit exposure to customers, cash and cash equivalents held with banks and current and noncurrent held-to financial assets of the Company include trade receivables, security deposits held with government authorities and bank deposits which represents Company's maximum exposure to the credit risk.

With respect to credit exposure from customers, the Company has a procedure in place aiming to minimise collection losses. Credit Control team assesses the credit quality of the customers, their financial position, past experience in payments and other relevant factors. The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. However, management also considers the factors that may influence the credit risk of its customer base, including default risk associate with the industry and country in which customers operate. Credit quality of a customer is assessed based on an extensive credit rating scorecard and individual credit limits are defined in accordance with this assessment. With respect to other financial assets viz., loans & advances, deposits with government and banks, the credit risk is insignificant since the loans & advances are given to employees only and deposits are held with government bodies and reputable banks. The credit quality of the financial assets is satisfactory, taking into account the allowance for credit losses.

The movement in the pre-tax effect is a result of a change in the fair value of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in US dollars and Other currencies, where the functional currency of the entity is a currency other than US dollars and Other currencies.

(ii) Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of change in market interest rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Company's debt obligations with floating interest rates. As the Company has certain debt obligations with floating interest rates, exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates are dependent of changes in market interest rates. Management monitors the movement in interest rate and, wherever possible, reacts to material movements in such rates by restructuring its financing arrangement.

As the Company has no significant interest bearing assets, the income and operating cash flows are substantially independent of changes in market interest rates.

(ii) Significant estimates and judgements

Impairment of financial assets:

The impairment provisions for financial assets disclosed above are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The company uses judgement in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on the company's past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.

(C) Liquidity risk

Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and the availability of funding to meet obligations when due and to close out market positions. Company's treasury maintains flexibility in funding by maintaining availability under deposits in banks.

Management monitors cash and cash equivalents on the basis of expected cash flows.

41. Segment information

(a) Description of segments and principal activities

The Company's Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer examine the Company's performance from a product perspective and have identified two reportable segments:

1. Chemicals - Manufacturing of speciality chemicals, aliphatic amines and derivatives

2. Hotel - Providing hotel, restaurant and hospitality services"

Segment revenue and expenses:

The Company has an established basis of allocating Joint/Corporate expenses to the segments, which is reasonable, and followed consistently. All other segment revenue and expenses are attributable to the segments. Certain Expenses/Income are not specifically allocable to specific segments and accordingly these expenses are disclosed as unallocated corporate expenses or income and adjusted only against the total income of the company. Segment result includes the respective other income.

Segment assets and liabilities:

Segment assets include all operating assets used by a segment and consist principally of operating cash, debtors, inventories and fixed assets, net of allowances and provisions that are reported as direct offsets in the balance sheet. While most assets can be directly attributed to individual segments, the carrying amount of certain assets used jointly by two or more segments is allocated to the segments on a reasonable basis. In such cases, the entire revenue and expenses of these assets including depreciation are also allocated to the same segments. Assets which are not allocable to the segments have been disclosed as 'unallocated corporate assets'. Segment liabilities include all operating liabilities and consist principally of creditors and accrued liabilities. Segment assets and liabilities do not include deferred income taxes. The loans and other borrowings that are not specifically allocable to the various segments are disclosed as 'unallocated corporate liabilities'.

Inter segment transfers:

The Company adopts a policy of pricing inter-segment transfers at cost to the transferor segment.

(b) Information about products:

Revenue from external customers - Sale of Chemicals : Rs. 1,32,698.73 lakhs (P.Y. 1,70,720.74 lakhs)

Revenue from external customers - Hotel: Rs. 2,958.80 lakhs (P.Y. 2,625.30 lakhs)

(c) The company has not made external sales to a single customer meeting the criteria of 10% or more of the entity's revenue. 42. Ind AS 115 - Revenue from contracts with customers

(A) The Company is primarily in the Business of manufacture and sale of Speciality Chemicals and Hotel Industry. All product sales are made at a point in time and revenue recognised upon satisfaction of the performance obligations which is typically upon dispatch or delivery. All service sales are made over a period of time and revenue is recognised based on percentage of completion method. The Company has a credit evaluation policy based on which the credit limits for the trade receivables are established, the Company does not give significant credit period resulting in no significant financing component.

44. Additional regulatory information

a. Registration or satisfaction of charges with Registrar of Companies (RoC)

As on 31^st March 2024, there are no charges pending creation or satisfaction.

However, in the past the Company had availed working capital and term loan facilities from consortium bankers for which charges were created with the Registrar of Companies, Pune. As on March 31,2024, there are no dues towards the term loan secured by the below mentioned charge. The Company has approached the consortium bankers to ensure filing of modification of the said charge with the RoC.

45. Note on "Code on Social Security, 2020"

The Indian Parliament has approved the 'Code on Social Security, 2020' ('the Code"") which would impact the contributions by the Company towards Provident Fund and Gratuity. The Ministry of Labour and Employment has released draft rules for the Code on Social Security, 2020 on November 13, 2020, and has invited suggestions from stakeholders which are under active consideration by the Ministry. The Company will assess the impact and its evaluation once the subject rules are notified and will give appropriate impact in its financial statements in the period in which, the Code becomes effective and the related rules to determine the financial impact are published.

46. No funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Intermediaries") with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall lend or invest in party identified by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries). The Company has not received any fund from any party(s) (Funding Party) with the understanding that the Company shall whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified by or on behalf of the Funding Party ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

47. The company has migrated to an accounting software for maintaining its books of account having the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility w.e.f 18^th April, 2023 and the same has operated throughout the year since then for all relevant transactions recorded in the software. Further, the audit trail is not disabled. The feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility at database level is not enabled.

b. Borrowings on the basis of security of current assets

The Company has borrowings from banks on the basis of security of current assets. The quarterly statements of current assets filed by the Company with banks are in agreement with the books of accounts.