10. Provisions and contingent liabilities:
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a binding present obligation. This may be either legal because it derives from a contract, legislation or other operation of law, or constructive because the Company created valid expectations on the part of third parties by accepting certain responsibilities. To record such an obligation it must be probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made for the amount of the obligation.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.
11. Borrowing Costs:
General and specific borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready fo rtheir intended use or sale. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
12. Statement of Cash Flows:
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/ (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. Cash flow for the year are classified by operating, investing and financing activities.
13. Earnings Per Share:
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit or loss after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year including potential equity shares on compulsory convertible debentures. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss)after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income (net of any attributable taxes) relating to the delusive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share.
14. Exceptional items:
The company discloses certain financial information both including and excluding exceptional items. The presentation of information excluding exceptional items allows a better understanding of the underlying trading performance of the company and provides consistency with the company's internal management reporting. Exceptional items are identified by virtue of either their size or nature so as to facilitate comparison with prior periods and to assess underlying trends in the financial performance of the company. Exceptional items can include, but are not restricted to, gains and losses on the disposal of assets/ investments, impairment charges, exchange gain/ loss on long term borrowings / assets and changes in fair value of derivative contracts.
15. Financial Instruments:
(a) Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets are recognised when, and only when, the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. The Company determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition.
When financial assets are recognised initially, they are measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition orissue of financial assets, which are not at fair value through profit or loss, are adjusted to the fair value on initial recognition
Classification:
Cash and Cash Equivalents — Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition, highly liquid investment that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.
Debt Instruments - The Company classifies its debt instruments (a) as subsequently measured at amortised cost or (b) fair value through Other Comprehensive Income or(c) fair value through profit or loss based on its business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cashflow characteristics of the financial asset.
(I) Financial assets at amortised cost
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest. Interest income from these financial assets is included as a part of the Company's income in the Statement of Profit and Loss using the effective interest rate method.
(ii) Financial assets at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)
Financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income if these financial assets are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the asset's cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest. Movements in the carrying value are taken through Other Comprehensive income, except for the' recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains or losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from Other Comprehensive
Income to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest income on such financial assets is included as a part of the Company's income in the Statement of Profit and toss using the effective interest rate method.
(iii) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on such debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not part of a hedging relationship as well as interest income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
De-recognition
A financial asset is derecognised only when the Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset. Where the Company has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the Company has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to berecognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.
(b) Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are recognised when, and only when, the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. The Company determines the classification of its financial liabilities at initial recognition.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial liabilities, which are not at fair value through profit or loss, are adjusted to the fair value on initial recognition.
Subsequent measurement
After initial recognition, financial liabilities that are not carried at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised, and through the amortisation process.
De-recognition
A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
16. Accounting of Leases
The Company, as a lessee, recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for its leasing arrangements, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. The contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, if it involves the use of an identified asset and the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset and has right to direct the use of the identified asset. The cost of the right of- use asset shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date plus any initial direct costs incurred. The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use assets is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset. The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate. For short-term and low value leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Note No.2:
Share application money pending allotment shall be classified into equity or liability in accordance with relevant Indian Accounting Standards. Share application money to the extent not refundable shall be shown under the head Equity and share application money to the extent refundable shall be separately shown under 'Other financial liabilities'
Note no.3:
Preference shares including premium received on issue, shall be classified and presented as 'Equity' or 'Liability' in accordance with the requirements of the relevant Indian Accounting Standards. Accordingly, the disclosure and presentation requirements in that regard applicable to the relevant class of equity or liability shall be applicable mutatis mutandis to the preference shares. For instance, plain vanilla redeemable preference shares shall be classified and presented under 'non-current liabilities' as 'borrowings' and the disclosure requirements in this regard applicable to such borrowings shall be applicable mutatis mutandis to redeemable preference shares.
Note no.4
Compound financial instruments such as convertible debentures, where split into equity and liability components, as per the requirements of the relevant Indian Accounting Standards, shall be classified and presented under the relevant heads in 'Equity' and 'Liabilities'
Note No. 36 During the year the Company has sold its investment in the Dubai subsidiary and necessary share transfer agreement has been executed. The Company had few advances given to its erstwhile subsidiary and amount receivable from them have been classified under loans and necessary agreement has been entered with the Purchaser of shares for refund of advance amount. The advance amount includes the advance amount paid by the Company to vendors in Dubai on behalf of their erstwhile subsidiary.
Note No. 37 Operating Lease The minimum future lease rentals payable in respect of non-cancellable leases entered into by the Company to the extent of minimum guarantee amount are as follows:-
The Company has not disclosed the fair value of financial instruments such as trade receivables, trade payables, short term loans, deposits etc. because their carrying amounts are a reasonable approximation of fair value
c) Fair value hierarchy:
The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable and consists of the following three levels:
a) Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices in an active market. This included listed equity instruments, traded debentures and mutual funds that have quoted price. The fair value of all equity instruments (including debentures) which are traded in the stock exchanges is valued using the closing price as at the reporting period. The mutual funds are valued using the closing NAV.
b) Level 2: Level 2 hierarchy includes financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, traded bonds/ debentures, over the counter derivatives). The fair value in this hierarchy is determined using valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.
c) Level 3: If one or more of the significant Inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. Fair values are determined in whole or in part using a valuation model based on assumptions that are neither supported by prices from observable current market transactions in the same instrument nor are they based on available market data. Financial instruments such as unlisted equity shares, loans are included in this hierarchy.
d) Inter level transfers: There are no transfers between levels 1 and 2 as also between levels 2 and 3 during the year.
e) Valuation technique used to determine fair value
i) the use of quoted market prices for the equity instruments and Mutual Funds
ii) the fair value of the unlisted shares are determined based on the income approach or the comparable market approach.
Note No. 40 Financial Risk Management Risk management framework
The company's activities expose it to market risk including currency risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and credit risk.
The company's risk management is carried out by finance department as per the policies approved by the Board of Directors. The board provides principles for overall risk management as well as policies covering specific areas, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, and investment of short term/long term surplus funds.
A) Market Risk i) Foreign Currency Risk
Foreign currency risk arises from commercial transactions, assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is not the Company's functional currency (INR).
The exposure of the Company to foreign currency risk is not significant. However, this is closely monitored by the management to decide on the requirement of hedging. The position of foreign currency exposure to the Company is given below expressed in INR as under:
iii) Price Risk
The company's exposure to securities price risk arises from investments held by the company in units of mutual fund classified in the balance sheet at fair value through profit and loss. However, company does not have a practice of investing in market equity securities with a view to earn fair value changes gain. Company has invested in units of mutual funds when short term surplus fund exists with prior approval of the Board. Considering the size of the investment the price/market risk is not significant.
B) Credit Risk
Credit risk arises when a counter party defaults on contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the company. Trade receivables consist of large number of customers, spread across diverse industries and geographical areas. In order to mitigate the risk of financial loss from defaulters, the Company has an ongoing credit evaluation process in respect of customers who are allowed credit period. In respect of walk-in customers the company does not allow any credit period and therefore, is not exposed to any credit risk. In general, it is presumed that credit risk has significantly increased since initial recognition if the payments are more than 60 days past due.
47. Other Statutory Information
(i) The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property under Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988).
(ii) The Company does not have any material transactions with companies struck off under Section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or Section 560 of Companies Act, 1956 during the financial year.
(iii) The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with Registrar of Companies beyond the statutory period.
(iv) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
(v) The Company is not declared as wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or any government authority
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