1.19 Provisions and contingent liabilities
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date and measured using the present value of cash flows estimated to settle the present obligations (when the effect of time value of money is material). These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
Contingent liability is disclosed for (i) Possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not wholly within the control of the Company or (ii) Present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the Financial Statements. Contingent assets are only disclosed when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the entity."
1.20 Provision for warranty
The estimated liability for product warranties is recorded when products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claims and management estimates regarding possible future incidence based on corrective actions on product failures. The timing of
outflows will vary as and when warranty claim will arise -being typically upto three years.
1.21 Insurance Claims
Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted / expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection.
1.22 Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value except in respect of Trade receivables that do not have a significant financial component which are measured at transaction price. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss are recognised immediately in profit and loss.
1.23 Financial assets
All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.
All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.
Classification of financial assets:
Debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost (except for debt instruments that are designated as at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition):
• the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
• the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at fair value through other
comprehensive income (except for debt instruments that are designated as at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition):
• the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and
• the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
By default, all other financial assets are measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).
Despite the foregoing, the Company may make the following irrevocable election / designation at initial recognition of a financial asset:
• the Company may irrevocably elect to present
subsequent changes in fair value of an equity investment in other comprehensive income if certain criteria are met (see (iii) below); and
• the Company may irrevocably designate a debt
investment that meets the amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria as measured at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch (see
(iv) below).All other financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value."
(i) Amortised cost and effective interest method:
The effective interest method is a method of
calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period.
For financial assets other than purchased or
originated credit-impaired financial assets (i.e. assets that are credit-impaired on initial recognition), the effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) excluding expected credit losses, through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the gross carrying amount of the debt instrument on initial recognition. For purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets, a credit-adjusted effective interest rate is calculated by discounting the estimated future cash flows, including expected credit losses, to the amortised cost of the debt instrument on initial recognition.
The amortised cost of a financial asset is the amount at which the financial asset is measured at initial recognition minus the principal repayments, plus the
cumulative amortisation using the effective interest method of any difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount, adjusted for any loss allowance. The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is the amortised cost of a financial asset before adjusting for any loss allowance.
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method for debt instruments measured subsequently at amortised cost and at FVTOCI. For financial assets other than purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset, except for financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired (see below). For financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset. If, in subsequent reporting periods, the credit risk on the credit-impaired financial instrument improves so that the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset.
For purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets, the Company recognises interest income by applying the credit-adjusted effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset from initial recognition. The calculation does not revert to the gross basis even if the credit risk of the financial asset subsequently improves so that the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired.
Interest income is recognised in profit or loss and is included in the ‘Other income’ line item.
(ii) Debt instruments classified as at FVTOCI:
The debt instruments are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs.
Subsequently, changes in the carrying amount of these debt instruments as a result of foreign exchange gains and losses (see below), impairment gains or losses (see below), and interest income calculated using the effective interest method (see (i) above) are recognised in profit or loss. The amounts that are recognised in profit or loss are the same as the amounts that would have been recognised in profit or loss if these debt instruments had been measured at amortised cost. All other changes in the carrying amount of these debt instruments are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in a separate component of equity. When these debt instruments are derecognised, the cumulative gains or losses previously recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss.
(iii) Equity instruments designated as at FVTOCI:
On initial recognition, the Company may make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to designate investments in equity instruments as at FVTOCI. Designation at FVTOCI is not permitted if the equity investment is held for trading:
Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs.
Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in a separate component of equity. The cumulative gain or loss is not reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the equity investments, instead, it is transferred to retained earnings.
Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognised in profit or loss in accordance with Ind AS 109, unless the dividends clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Dividends are included in the ‘Other income’ line item in profit or loss.
The Company designates all investments in equity instruments that are not held for trading as at FVTOCI on initial recognition.
A financial asset is held for trading if:
• It has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or
• On initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking;
(iv) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL):
Financial assets that do not meet the criteria for being measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI (see (i) to (iii) above) are measured at FVTPL. Specifically:
• Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Company designates an equity investment that is neither held for trading (see (iii) above).
• Debt instruments that do not meet the amortised cost criteria or the FVTOCI criteria (see (i) and
(ii) above) are classified as at FVTPL. In addition, debt instruments that meet either the amortised cost criteria or the FVTOCI criteria may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition
inconsistency (so called 'accounting mismatch') that would arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognising the gains and losses on them on different bases. The Company has not designated any debt instruments as at FVTPL.
Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any fair value gains or losses recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss includes any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the ‘other income’ line item. "
Foreign exchange gains and losses:
The carrying amount of financial assets that are denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of each reporting period. Specifically:
• for financial assets measured at amortised cost that are not part of a designated hedging relationship, exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss in the ‘other income’ line item ;
• for debt instruments measured at FVTOCI that are not part of a designated hedging relationship, exchange differences on the amortised cost of the debt instrument are recognised in profit or loss in the ‘other income’ line item. As the foreign currency element recognised in profit or loss is the same as if it was measured at amortised cost, the residual foreign currency element based on the translation of the carrying amount (at fair value) is recognised in other comprehensive income in a separate component of equity;
• for financial assets measured at FVTPL that are not part of a designated hedging relationship, exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss in the ‘other income’ line item as part of the fair value gain or loss; and
• for equity instruments measured at FVTOCI, exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income in a separate component of equity.
Impairment of financial assets:
The Company recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses on investments in debt instruments that are measured at amortised cost or at FVTOCI, lease receivables, trade receivables and contract assets, financial guarantee contracts, and certain other financial assets measured at amortised cost such as deferred consideration receivable on disposal of subsidiaries. The amount of expected
credit losses is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition of the respective financial instrument.
Expected credit losses are the weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. Credit loss is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive (i.e. all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate (or credit-adjusted effective interest rate for purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets). The Company estimates cash flows by considering all contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) through the expected life of that financial instrument.
The Company measures the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. If the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses. 12-month expected credit losses are portion of the life-time expected credit losses and represent the lifetime cash shortfalls that will result if default occurs within the 12 months after the reporting date and thus, are not cash shortfalls that are predicted over the next 12 months.
For trade receivables, the Company always measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. Further, for the purpose of measuring lifetime expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables, the Company has used a practical expedient method as permitted under Ind AS 109. This expected credit loss allowance is computed based on a provision matrix which takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information.
De-recognition of financial assets:
The Company derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay.
If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralized borrowing for the proceeds received.
On derecognition of a financial asset measured at amortised cost, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in profit or loss. In addition, on derecognition of an investment in a debt instrument classified as at FVTOCI, the cumulative gain or loss previously accumulated in a separate component of equity is reclassified to profit or loss. In contrast, on derecognition of an investment in an equity instrument which the Company has elected on initial recognition to measure at FVTOCI, the cumulative gain or loss previously accumulated in a separate component of equity is not reclassified to profit or loss, but is transferred to retained earnings."
1.24 Financial liabilities and equity instruments Classification as debt or equity:
Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Equity instruments:
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Repurchase of the Company’s own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company’s own equity instruments.
All financial liabilities are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.
However, financial liabilities that arise when a transfer of a financial asset does not qualify for derecognition or when the continuing involvement approach applies, and financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company, are measured in accordance with the specific accounting policies set out below.
Financial Liabilities at FVTPL:
Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is (i) held for trading or (ii) it is designated as at FVTPL.
A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:
• it has been acquired principally for the purpose of repurchasing it in the near term; or
• on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking;
A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:
• such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise; or
• the financial liability forms part of a group of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company's documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis;"
Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability and is included in the ‘other income’ line item in profit or loss.
However, for financial liabilities that are designated as at FVTPL, the amount of change in the fair value of the financial liability that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of that liability is recognised in other comprehensive income, unless the recognition of the effects of changes in the liability’s credit risk in other comprehensive income would create or enlarge an accounting mismatch in profit or loss. The remaining amount of change in the fair value of liability is recognised in profit or loss. Changes in fair value attributable to a financial liability’s credit risk that are recognised in other comprehensive income are recognised in retained earnings. Gains or losses on financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company that are designated by the Company as at FVTPL are recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities subsequently measured at amortised cost:
Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading or designated as at FVTPL, are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or
received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the amortised cost of a financial liability.
Foreign exchange gains and losses:
For financial liabilities that are denominated in a foreign currency and are measured at amortised cost at the end of each reporting period, the foreign exchange gains and losses are determined based on the amortised cost of the instruments. These foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in the ‘other income’ line item in profit or loss for financial liabilities.
The fair value of financial liabilities denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of the reporting period. For financial liabilities that are measured as at FVTPL, the foreign exchange component forms part of the fair value gains or losses and is recognised in profit or loss for financial liabilities.
Derecognition of financial liabilities:
The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company's obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in profit or loss.
When the Company exchanges with the existing lender one debt instrument into another one with the substantially different terms, such exchange is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. Similarly, the Company accounts for substantial modification of terms of an existing liability or part of it as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new liability. It is assumed that the terms are substantially different if the discounted present value of the cash flows under the new terms, including any fees paid net of any fees received and discounted using the original effective rate is at least 10 per cent different from the discounted present value of the remaining cash flows of the original financial liability. If the modification is not substantial, the difference between: (1) the carrying amount of the liability before the modification; and (2) the present value of the cash flows after modification is recognised in profit or loss as the modification gain or loss within ‘other income’.
1.25 Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets
At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets or cash generating units to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment
loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, or whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.
When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cashgenerating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.
1.26 Investment in subsidiary
Investment in subsidiary is measured at cost. Dividend income from subsidiaries is recognised when its right to receive the dividend is established.
1.27 Dividend
Final dividends on shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Board of Directors of the Company. The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees and are subject to applicable taxes.
1.28 Asset held for sale
Non-current assets (and disposal groups) classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management must be committed to the sale which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.
When the Company is committed to a sale plan involving loss of control of a subsidiary, all of the assets and liabilities of that subsidiary are classified as held for sale when the criteria described above are met, regardless of whether the Company will retain a non-controlling interest in its former subsidiary after the sale.
1.29 Critical Accounting Judgements and Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty
The preparation of Financial Statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses and the accompanying disclosures. Uncertainty about the assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying value of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.
Information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in Financial Statements is included in the following notes:
(i) Useful lives of Property, Plant and Equipment.
(ii) Carrying values of Property, Plant and Equipment
(iii) Employee Benefits
(iv) Employee Share Based Payments
(v) Taxation
(vi) Asset held for sale
Determination of functional currency:
Currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (“the functional currency”) is Indian Rupee (INR) in which the company primarily generates and expends cash. Accordingly, the Management has assessed its functional currency to be Indian Rupee (INR).
20 Borrowings (Contd..)
(a) leasehold land (taken under 99 years lease by the Company) comprising of 5 acres located in Domestic Tarrif Zone (DTZ) situated in Irugulam Village, Satyavedu Mandal, Chittor District, Andhra Pradesh - Exclusive Charge.
(b) fixed assets (Building, Plant and Machineries, created out of the term loan of Rs. 1,800 lakhs out of which Rs. 1,770 Lakhs is outstanding - Exclusive Charge.
(c) fixed assets (Plant and Machineries / civil structures), created out of the term loan of Rs. 3,150 lakhs out of which Rs. 50 Lakhs is drawn and outstanding - Exclusive Charge.
(ii) Repayment Summary
Term Loan of Rs. 1,770 lakhs as at 31 March 2024:
Repayable in 6 monthly instalments of Rs. 5 lakhs each, 71 monthly instalments of Rs. 24 lakhs each and 1 monthly instalment of Rs. 36 lakhs respectively. Repayment of this tranche of term loan began from October 2023
Term Loan of Rs. 50 lakhs as at 31 March 2024:
Repayable in 20 quarterly instalments of Rs. 2.50 lakhs each beginning from Sept 2024
Out of the above term loans, Rs. 181.50 lakhs have been classified as current maturities of long-term debt (secured) under Borrowings - Current.
There were no delays in repayments made by the Company towards the borrowings from banks during the current year and previous year.
(iii) quarterly returns or statements of current assets filed by the Company with banks or financial institutions are in agreement with the books of accounts
II Defined benefit plans
The Company operates a gratuity plan covering qualifying employees. The benefit payable is calculated as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 and the benefit vests upon completion of five years of continuous service and once vested it is payable to employees on retirement or on termination of employment. In case of death while in service, the gratuity is payable irrespective of vesting. The Company makes annual contribution to the group gratuity scheme administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India and Aditya Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Limited. Gratuity has been accrued based on actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary.
44 Financial Instruments (Contd..)
(V) Foreign Currency sensitivity analysis:
The following table details the Company's sensitivity to a 5% increase and decrease in INR against the relevant foreign currencies. 5% is the rate used in order to determine the sensitivity analysis considering the past trends and expectation of the management for changes in the foreign currency exchange rate. The sensitivity analysis includes the outstanding foreign currency denominated monetary items and adjusts their translation at the period end for a 5% change in foreign currency rates. A positive number below indicates a increase in profit / decrease in loss and increase in equity where the INR strengthens 5% against the relevant currency. For a 5% weakening of the INR against the relevant currency, there would be a comparable impact on the profit or loss and equity and balance below would be negative.
(VI) Forward foreign exchange contracts : There are no forward foreign exchange contracts outstanding as at 31 March 2024.
(VII) Liquidity Risk Management :
Liquidity risk refers to the risk that the Company cannot meet its financial obligations. The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves and banking facilities by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows and by matching maturing profiles of financial assets and financial liabilities in accordance with the approved risk management policy of the Company.
Liquidity and Interest Risk Tables :
The following tables detail the Company's remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial liabilities with agreed repayment periods. The tables include both interest and principal cash flows.
44 Financial Instruments (Contd..)
Interest Rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates
Interest rate sensitivity analysis
The sensitivity analysis below have been determined based on the exposure to interest rates for term loan at the end of the reporting period. For floating rate liabilities, the analysis is prepared assuming the amount of the liability outstanding at the end of the reporting period was outstanding for the whole year. A change (decrease/increase) of 100 basis points in interest rates for term loan at the reporting date would increase/(decrease) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables remain constant.
(VIII) Credit Risk:
Credit risk refers to the risk that a customer or a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in a financial loss to the Company. The carrying amount of the financial assets recorded in these financial statements, grossed up for any allowance for losses, represents the maximum exposures to credit risk.
(IX) Fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured at fair value (but fair value disclosures are required)
The Management considers that the carrying amount of financial assets and financial liabilities recognized in the financial statements approximate their fair values.
(X) Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities
The Company has not offset financial assets and financial liabilities.
46 Segment Information
Description of segments and principal activities
The company identifies its operating segment based on the nature and class of product and services, nature of production process and assessment of differential risks and returns and financial reporting results reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) for the purposes of resource allocation and assessment of performance. Operating segments have been identified on the basis of the nature of products/ services and have been identified as per the quantitative criteria specified in the Ind AS. For financial statements presentation purposes, individual operating segments have been aggregated into a single operating segment after taking into consideration the similar nature of the products, production processes and other risk factors.
Specifically, the Company’s reportable segments under Ind AS are as follows:
1) Chemicals and related Products/Services
2) PVC-O Pipes
Geographical segments
The geographical segments considered for disclosure are based on markets, broadly as India and Others
Segment accounting policies
In addition to the significant accounting policies applicable to the business segment as set out in note 1.16, the accounting policies in relation to segment accounting are as under:
Operating revenues and expenses related to both third party and inter-segment transactions are included in determining the segment results of each respective segment. Inter segment sales are eliminated in consolidation
Other income earned and finance expense incurred are not allocated to individual segment and the same has been reflected at the Company level for segment reporting.
The total assets disclosed for each segment include all operating assets used by each segment, and primarily include receivables, property, plant and equipment, intangibles, inventories, operating cash and bank balances, inter-segment assets and exclude, deferred tax assets and income tax etc.
Segment liabilities comprise operating liabilities and exclude external borrowings, provision for taxes, deferred tax liabilities etc.
51 Additional Regulatory Information
(i) The Company has not revalued any of its property, plant and equipment and intangible assets during the year.
(ii) No proceedings have been initiated during the year or are pending against the Company as at 31 March 2024 for holding any benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act,1988 (as amended in 2016) and rules made thereunder
(iii) The Company does not have any transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961).
(iv) The Company has not defaulted in the repayment of loans or other borrowings or in the payment of interest thereon to any lender during the year. The Company has not been declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or any government authority.
(v) The quarterly returns or statements comprising (stock statements, book debt statements, credit monitoring arrangement reports, statements on ageing analysis of the debtors/other receivables, and other stipulated financial information filed by the Company with such banks or financial institutions are in agreement with the unaudited books of account of the Company of the respective quarters.
(vi) The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.
(vii) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
(viii) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
(i) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(ii) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries
(ix) The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
(i) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(ii) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries,
(x) The Company does not have any Scheme of Arrangements which have been approved by the Competent Authority in terms of sections 230 to 237 of the Act.
(xi) The Company has complied with the the number of layers prescribed under of Section 2(87) of the Act read with the Companies (Restriction on number of Layers) Rules, 2017.
(xii) The Company has utilised the borrowing amount taken from financial institutions for the purpose as stated in the sanction letter.
51 Additional Regulatory Information (Contd..)
(xiii) As per the requirements of rule 3(1) of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014 the Company uses only such accounting softwares for maintaining its books of account that have a feature of recording audit trail of each and every transaction creating an edit log of each change made in the books of account along with the date when such changes were made and who made those changes within such accounting software. This feature of recording audit trail has operated throughout the year and was not tampered with during the year.
However, in respect of an payroll software, in absence of service organization control report from vendor, Company is unable to assess whether audit trail feature of the said software was enabled and operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software.
The Company has established and maintained an adequate internal control framework over its financial reporting and based on its assessment, has concluded that the internal controls for the year ended March 31,2024 were effective.
52 The Code on Wages, 2019 and Code of Social Security, 2020 ("the Codes") relating to employee compensation and post employment benefits that received Presidential assent and the related rules thereof for quantifying the financial impact have not been notified. The Company will assess the impact of the Codes when the rules are notified and will record any related impact in the period the Codes become effective.
53 The Board of Directors of the Company has reviewed the realisable value of all the current assets and has confirmed that the value of such assets in the ordinary course of business will not be less than the value at which these are recognized in the financial statements. In addition, the Board has also confirmed the carrying value of the non-current assets in the financial statements. The Board, duly taking into account all the relevant disclosures made, has approved these standalone financial statements in its meeting held on 22 May 2024.
For and on behalf of the Board of Directors
Suresh Krishnamurthi Rao V M Srinivasan
Chairman Chief Executive Officer
DIN:00127809
Place : Chennai Place : Chennai
B Vignesh Ram S Prasath
Company Secretary Chief Financial Officer
Place : Chennai Place : Chennai
Date : 22 May 2024
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