7. PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES & CAPITAL COMMITMENTS
7.1 Provisions
7.1.1. Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or
constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources
embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable
estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
7.1.2 When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed,
reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement
is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement
of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
7.1.3 If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a
current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability.
When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time
is recognised as a finance cost.
7.1.4 Decommissioning Liability
Decommissioning costs are provided at the present value of expected costs to
settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognised as part of the
cost of the particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax
rate that reflects the risks specific to the decommissioning liability. The unwinding
of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognised in the statement of profit
and loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are
reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future
costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the
asset.
7.2 Contingent Liabilities
7.2.1 Show-cause Notices issued by various Government Authorities are not considered
as Obligation.
7.2.2 When the demand notices are raised against such show cause notices and are
disputed by the Company, these are classified as disputed obligations.
7.2.3 The treatment in respect of disputed obligations are as under:
a) a provision is recognized in respect of present obligations where the outflow of
resources is probable;
b) all other cases are disclosed as contingent liabilities unless the possibility of outflow
of resources is remote.
7.3 Capital Commitments
Estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account are
considered for disclosure.
8. REVENUE RECOGNITION
8.1 CMRL is in the business of manufacture of Synthetic Rutile, Ferric Chloride, Ferrous
Chloride, Iron Hydroxide (Cemox), Recovered Ti02, Recovered Upgraded ilmenite
and Rutoweld.
Revenue is recognised when control of goods and services are transferred to the
customer at an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects
to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is measured
based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes
amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company is the principle in its
revenue arrangements since it controls the goods or service before transferring
to the customer.
The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract which are
separate performance obligations to which apportion of the transaction price needs
to be allocated. In determining the transaction price for the Sale of products, the
Company considers the effects of variable consideration, the existence of significant
financing components, non cash consideration and consideration payable to the
customer, if any.
Revenue from sale of products are recognised at appoint in time, generally upon
delivery of products .
Dividend income is recognised when the company’s right to receive dividend is
established.
Interest income from banks is recognised on time proportionate basis . Interest
income from financial assets is recognised on effective interest rate method. Key
man insurance is recognised on receipt of amount on maturity of insurance as
payment of premium paid is debited to profit and loss account
9. TAXES ON INCOME
9.1 Current Income Tax:
Provision for current tax is made as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to
be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.
9.2 Deferred Tax:
9.2.1 Deferred tax is provided using the Balance Sheet method on temporary differences
between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for
financial reporting purposes at the reporting dates.
9.2.2 Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences.
9.2.3 Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the
carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax asset
is recognised to the extend it is probable that taxable profit will be available against
which deductible temporary differences and carry forward of unused tax differences
and unused tax losses can be utilised.
9.2.4. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on tax rates ( and tax
laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
9.2.5 The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each reporting
date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable
profits will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be
utilised.
9.2.6 Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside
profit or loss (either in OCI or equity)
10. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
10.1 Short term benefits:
Short term benefits are accounted for in the period during which the services have
been rendered.
10.2 Post -employment benefits and other long term employee benefits:
(i) Defined contribution plans: The costs of the benefits are recognised as expense/
CWIP when the employees have rendered services entitling them to the benefits.
(ii) Compensated absences: Such costs which are not expected to occur within 12
months are recognised as actuarially determined liability at the present value of
the defined benefit obligation at the date of each financial statement.
(iii) Defined Benefit Plans:The cost of providing benefits are determined using the
projected unit credit method of actuarial valuations made at the date of each
financial statement..
10.3 Remeasurements
Remeasurements, comprising of Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in Other
Comprehensive income in the period in which they occur and are not reclassified
to profit and loss in subsequent periods.
Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:
? The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and
? The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs
11.2 An asset is treated as current when it is:
* Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating
cycle or is held for trading
* Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
* Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle
a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.
All other assets are classified as non- current.
11.2 A Liability is current when:
* Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating
cycle or is held for trading
* It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
* There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least
twelve months after the reporting date.
All other liabilities are classified as non current
12.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS:
12.1 Financial Assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial
assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are
attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four
categories:
o Financial Assets at amortised cost
o Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
o Equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
o Financial assets and derivatives at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
12.1.1 Financial Assets at amortised cost
A financial asset is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions
are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for
collecting contractual cash flows,and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that
are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount
outstanding.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at
amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is
calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and
fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included
in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are
recognised in the profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other
receivables.
12.1.2Debt instrument at FVTOCI
A ‘debt instrument’ is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria
are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual
cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b) The asset’s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as
well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in
the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the company recognizes interest
income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the
P&L. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised
in OCI is reclassified from the equity to P&L. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI
debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.
12.1.3Equity investments at FVTOCI
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. The
company has made an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the
fair value in other comprehensive income, excluding dividends. The classification
is made on initial recognition/transition and is irrevocable.
There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment.
However, the company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
12.1.4Debt instruments and derivatives at FVTPL
FVTPL is a residual category. Any financial asset, which does not meet the criteria
for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the
company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships
as defined by Ind AS 109.
In addition, the company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise
meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election
is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition
inconsistency (referred to as ‘accounting mismatch’). The company has not
designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value
with all changes recognized in theP&L.
12.1.5Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group
of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the balance
sheet) when:
? The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
? The company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has
assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay
to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the company has
transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the company
has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the
asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset
or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent
it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred
nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred
control of the asset, the company continues to recognise the transferred asset to
the extent of the company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the company
also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated
liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the
company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred
asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the
maximum amount of consideration that the company could be required to repay.
12.1.6Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the company applies expected credit loss (ECL)
model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial
assets and credit risk exposure:
a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost
e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balance
b) Financial guarantee contracts which are not measured as at FVTPL
c) Lease receivables under Ind AS 17
The company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss
allowance on Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing
component.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track
changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on
lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the
company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit
risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month
ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased
significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the
instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit
risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss
allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events
over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion
of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12
months after the reporting date.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the company
in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to
receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating
the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:
? All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment extension,
call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However,
in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated
reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the
financial instrument
? Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are
integral to the contractual terms
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine
impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision
matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life
of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every
reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in
the forward-looking estimates are analysed.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is
recognized as income/ expense in the statement of profit and loss (P&L). The
balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:
? Financial assets measured as at amortised cost: ECL is presented as an allowance,
i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet.
The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off
criteria, the company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying
amount.
? Financial guarantee contracts: ECL is presented as a provision in the balance
sheet, i.e. as a liability.
Debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: Since financial assets are already reflected
at fair value, impairmentallowance is not further reduced from its value. Rather,
ECL amount is presented as ‘accumulated impairment amount’ in the OCI
2.2 Financial liabilities
2.2.1 Initial recognition and measurement.
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair
value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans
and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and
borrowings including financial guarantee contracts.
12.2.2Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described
below:
A. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held
for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value
through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they
are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also
includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the company that are not
designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS
109.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.
B. Financial liabilities at amortised cost:
Financial liabilities that are not held for trading and are not designated at FVTPL are
measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods based
on the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognised
in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR
amortisation process.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium
on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR
amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
This category generally applies to borrowings. The EIR amortisation has been
calculated based on the managements perception of cash outflow which is based
on expected progress of the project.
C. Financial guarantee contracts
Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that
require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because
the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the
terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially
as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable
to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the
higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements
of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation.
12.2.3Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is
discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced
by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of
an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification
is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new
liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the
statement of profit or loss.
12.2.4Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported
in the consolidated balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to
offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to
realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
13. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and in
hand and short term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less,
which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
14. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
14.1 Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a
liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement
date at each balance sheet date in the principal market or most advantageous
market assuming that market participants act in their economic interest.
14.2 A fair value measurement of a non financial asset takes into account a market
participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest
and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset
in its highest and best use using techniques which are appropriate and for which
sufficient data is available.
14.3 Fair value hierarchy:
LEVEL 1: Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities.
LEVEL 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant
to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
LEVEL 3: Others including using external valuers as required
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS
The preparation of Company’s financial statements requires management to
make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts
of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and accompanying disclosures and
the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and
estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying
amount of assets and liabilities affected in future periods. The Company continually
evaluates these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available
information. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively in the
statement of profit and loss in the period in which the estimates are revised and
in any future periods attached.
3. CONTINGENCIES
The assessment of the existence and potential quantum of contingencies inherently
involves the exercise of significant judgement and the use of estimates regarding
the outcome of future events.
35. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES:
The financial liabilities of CMRL comprise of loans and borrowings, trade and other
payables with the main purpose of financing the Company’s activities. The financial
assets of CMRL comprise of Investments, receivables,loans and advances and cash
and cash equivalents CMRL is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk.
This is managed by the Company’s management team under guidance of the Board
of Directors. This team ensures that the financial risk activities are governed by ap¬
propriate policies and procedures and financial risks are identified, measured and
managed in accordance with the Company’s policies and risk objectives.
The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for managing these risks as sum¬
marised below.
a. Market Risk : Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial
instrument will fluctuate because of change in market price and comprises of Interest
rate risk, Currency risk and Other risks. Financial instruments affected by market risk
includes loans and borrowings , deposits and interest on deposits.
(i) Interest Rate Risk : Risk that the fair value of future cash flows will fluctuate due to
changes in market interest rates and primarily affects the long term debt obligations
of the Company which is based on MCLR and reset annually. As per IND AS interest
is charged as per Effective Interest Method based on the IRR of the loan.
(ii) Foreign currency risk : Company has no borrowings in foreign currency.
(iii) Other Risk : The other risk factors are the unpredictable situation in the availability
and price of ilmenite and Hydrochloric acid, the major and critical raw materials of the
company.
The demand and volatile nature of prices of Synthetic Rutile and foreign exchange
fluctuations also have an impact.
b. Credit Risk : Risk of the counter party not meeting its obligations if a customer or
counter party fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from the
Company’s trade receivables and loans and advances. The carrying amounts of
financial instruments represent the maximum exposure.
The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the characteristics of
each customer and the geography in which it operates. Credit risk is managed by credit
approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the credit worthiness
of its customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of its
business.
The Company’s export sales are backed by letters of credit.
The Company monitors each loans and advance given and makes any provision
whenever required.
Based on prior experience and assessment of current business environment, man¬
agement believes there is no requirement for any credit provision and there is no
significant concentration of credit risk.
36. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
For the purpose of Company’s capital management, capital includes share capital
and other equity with the primary objective of increasing shareholder value. The
Company manages its capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions
and requirements of the financial covenants through a mix of debt and equity.
The Company monitors capital using the adjusted net debt to capital ratio as
below:
37. PENDING LITIGATIONS:
1. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India, ordered investigation of
Company’s affairs u/s 212 of the Companies Act, 2013, which was challenged before
the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi which is pending disposal. In the meanwhile, inves¬
tigation agency SFIO completed investigation and filed a criminal complaint alleging
violation of Sec 447 amongst other provisions which was taken cognizance by the
Special court without notice to the company and other proposed accused and the
cognizance order was challenged for lack of notice to the company by way of a writ
before the Hon’ble High Court of Kerala which was pleased to order status quo in
the proceedings before the special court. The Company had also filed an application
in the main Writ Petition complaining that the SFIO had filed Investigation Report/
complaint even though an assurance was given by the SFIO to the Hon’ble Delhi High
Court that the Investigation Report will not be filed pending disposal of the main Writ
Petition. The Hon’ble High Court of Delhi vide order dt 28.05.2025 had observed that
the SFIO were not to proceed with the Investigation Report/complaint filed before the
Special Court in Kerala till the main Writ Petition is disposed of.
2. ED had also registered an ECIR against the Company and its senior officials u/s
50 of PMLA, 2002. As there was no allegation of the Company having committed any
scheduled offence, the Company approached Hon’ble Kerala High Court by filing a
Writ Petition questioning the jurisdiction of ED and the same is pending before the
Court.
38. The figures appearing in financial statements are rounded off to the nearest ( in Lakhs.
Previous year's figures have been regrouped / reclassified wherever necessary to
correspond with the current year's classification / disclosure.
Place : Aluva As per Annexed Report of even date
Date : 21 05 2025
K. A. SAGHESH KUMAR, B.Com, FCA, DISA
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT
Membership No. 211340
R.K. Garg Saran S. Kartha Mathew M. Cherian Jaya S. Kartha
Chairman Managing Director Director
Director
DIN : 00644462 DIN : 02676326 DIN : 01265695 DIN : 00666957
Anil Ananda Panicker T.P. Thomaskutty Nabiel Mathew Cherian V. Vinod Kamath
Executive Director Director Director Director
DIN : 05214837 DIN : 01473957 DIN : 03619760 DIN : 10700232
Yogindunath S. Venkitraman Anand Dr. Rabinarayan Patra Suresh Kumar P
Director Director Director CGM(Finance)
DIN : 02905727 DIN : 07446834 DIN : 00917044 & Company Secretary
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