(K) Provisions and Contingencies Provisions:
Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance sheet date and are discounted to its present value as appropriate.
Contingent Liabilities:
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is termed as a contingent liability.
(L) Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Revenue is recognized when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service (i.e. an asset) to a customer. An asset is transferred when (or as) the customer obtains control of that asset.
When (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, the Company recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price (excluding estimates of variable consideration) that is allocated to that performance obligation.
The Company applies the five-step approach for recognition of revenue:
i. Identification of contract(s) with customers;
ii. Identification of the separate performance obligations in the contract;
iii. Determination of transaction price;
iv. Allocation of transaction price to the separate performance obligations; and
v. Recognition of revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.
(M) Other income:
Interest: Interest income is calculated on effective interest rate, but recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividend: Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive dividend is established.
(N) Finance Cost
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying
assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. based on borrowings incurred specifically for financing the asset or the weighted average rate of all other borrowings, if no specific borrowings have been incurred for the asset.
Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.
Borrowing costs include exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period for which they are incurred.
(O) Earnings per share (EPS):
Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose of calculating diluted EPS, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding are considered assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Earnings considered in ascertaining the EPS is the net profit for the period and any attributable tax thereto for the period.
(P) Employee benefits
i. Provident Fund
Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognises contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense when an employee renders the related service.
ii. Gratuity
Gratuity is in the nature of a defined benefit plan. Provision for gratuity is calculated on the basis of actuarial valuations carried out at balance sheet date and is charged to the statement of profit and loss. The actuarial valuation is performed using the projected unit credit method. Remeasurement, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
(Q) Fair Value Measurement:
The Company measures financial instruments such as investments in quoted share, certain other investments etc. at fair value at each Balance Sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability at the measurement date. All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.
Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
(R) Financial Instruments:
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets:
Initial recognition
Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets other than trade receivables and other specific assets are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Subsequent measurement
Financial assets, other than equity instruments, are subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of both:
i. The entity's business model for managing the financial assets and
ii. The contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
De-recognition
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers rights to receive cash flows from an asset, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Financial Liabilities:
Initial Recognition and Subsequent Measurement
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and in case of borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable cost. Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. Changes in the amortised value of liability are recorded as finance cost.
De-recognition
A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
(S) Global Health Pandemic COVID - 19
The outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic globally and in India is causing significant slow disturbance and slowdown of economic activity. The company has evaluated impact of this pandemic on its business operations and based on its review and current indicators for future economic conditions, there is no significant impact on its financial statements.
1.3 Recent Pronouncements:
Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On 23rd March, 2022, MCA notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022, applicable from 1st April, 2022, as below:
i. Ind AS 16 - Proceeds before intended use
The amendments specify that the excess of net sale proceeds of items produced while the Company is preparing the asset for its intended use over its cost of testing, if any, shall not be recognized in the profit or loss but shall be deducted from the directly attributable costs considered as part of cost of an item of property, plant, and equipment. The Company does not expect the amendments to have any impact in its recognition of its property, plant and equipment in its financial statements.
ii. Ind AS 103 - Reference to Conceptual Framework
The amendments specify that to qualify for recognition as part of applying the acquisition method, the identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities assumed must meet the definitions of assets and liabilities in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting under Indian Accounting Standards (Conceptual Framework) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India at the acquisition date. These changes do not significantly change the requirements of Ind AS 103. The Company does not expect the amendment to have any
significant impact in its financial statements.
iii. Ind AS 109 - Annual Improvements to Ind AS (2021)
The amendment clarifies which fees an entity includes when it applies the '10 percent' test of Ind AS 109 in assessing whether to derecognize a financial liability. The Company does not expect the amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.
The previous year's figures have been reworked, regrouped, and reclassified wherever necessary. Amounts and other disclosures for the preceding year are included as an integral part of the current annual financial statements and are to be read in relation to the amounts and other disclosures relating to the current financial year.
27. Credit and Debit balances of unsecured loans, sundry creditors, sundry Debtors, loans and Advances are subject to confirmation and therefore the effect of the same on profit could not be ascertained.
28. The Company has not revalued its Property, Plant and Equipment for the current year.
29. There has been Capital work in progress carried forward from the previous year and there is no additional capital work in progress for the current year of the company.
30. There is no Intangible assets under development in the current year.
31. The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.
32. Quarterly returns or statements of current assets filed by the Company with banks or financial institutions are in agreement with the books of accounts.
33. The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
34. No proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988, as amended, and rules made thereunder.
35. The company has not been declared as willful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or government authority.
36. The Company has not advanced or loaned to or invested in funds to any other person(s) or entity(is), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
a. directly or indirectly lend to or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
b. provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries
37. The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(is), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall
a. directly or indirectly lend to or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries)or
b. provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
38. The company does not have transaction with the struck off under section 248 of companies act, 2013 or section 560 of Companies act 1956.
39. The company is in compliance with the number of layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of company's act read with companies (restriction on number of layers) Rules, 2017.
40. Related Parties Disclosure: -
The Disclosures of Transaction with the related parties as defined in the related parties as defined in the Accounting Standard are given below:
42. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
The section 135 (Corporate social responsibility) of companies act, 2013 is applicable to the company for the Financial Year 2023-24 since the PAT of the company exceeds Rs.5 crores. The Company made a profit of Rs. 1768 Lakhs (Profit Before Tax) during the Financial Year 2022- 23 and hence the CSR provisions are applicable for the Financial Year 2023-24. The company has spent Rs. 14.26 lacs being 2% of the average Net Profit for the past 3 years on enhancement of the education activities. The CSR provisions are applicable for the FY 2023-24 and the company has to spend Rs.25.87 Lakhs during the current FY 2024-25 (before end of FY) for the CSR activities as specified in the Schedule VII to the Companies Act, 2013.
43. Notes forming part of accounts in relation to Micro and small enterprise
1. Based on information available with the company, on the status of the suppliers being Micro or small enterprises, on which the auditors have relied, the disclosure requirements of Schedule III to the Companies Act,2013 with regard to the payments made/due to Micro and small Enterprises are given below :
The company has initiated the process of obtaining the confirmation from suppliers who have registered themselves under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 (MSMED Act, 2006) but has not received the same in totality. The above information is compiled based on the extent of responses received by the company from its suppliers.
44. Title deeds of immovable Property
Tittle deeds of immovable property has not been held in the name of promoter, director, or relative of promoter/ director or employee of promoters / director of the company, hence same are held in the name of the company.
45. Loans or Advances in the nature of loans to promoters, directors, KMPs and the related parties:-
No Loans or Advances in the nature of loans are granted to promoters, directors, KMPs and the related parties (as defined under Companies Act, 2013,) either severally or jointly with any other person.
46. Compliance with approved Scheme(s) of Arrangements
The Company does not have made any arrangements in terms of section 230 to 237 of companies act 2013, and hence there is no deviation to be disclosed.
47. Utilization of Borrowed funds and share premium:-
As on March 31, 2024 there is no unutilized amount in respect of any issue of securities and long term borrowings from bank and financial institutions. The borrowed funds have been utilized for the specific purpose for which the funds were raised.
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