Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events,
it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably
estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.
Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined
by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with
respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the
present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.
Provisions for onerous contracts are recognised when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a
contract are lower than the unavoidable costs of meeting the future obligations under the contract. The provision is
measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost
of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established the Company recognizes any impairment loss on the
assets associated with that contract.
w) Employee benefits
(i) Short-term obligations
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12
months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of
employees' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when
the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.
(ii) Other long-term employee benefit obligations
The liabilities for earned leave and sick leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the
end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present
value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the
reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the
end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurement
as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in profit or loss.
The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional
right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement
is expected to occur.
(iii) Post-employment obligations
The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:
- Defined benefit plans such as Gratuity and Compensated Absences.
- Defined contribution plan such as Provident fund, Superannuation Fund, Pension fund and National Pension system.
Gratuity
The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit gratuity plans is the present value of
the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit
obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.
The present value of the defined benefit obligation denominated in Rs. is determined by discounting the estimated future
cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms
approximating to the terms of the related obligation.
The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and
the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are
recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained
earnings in the Statement of Changes in Equity and in the balance sheet.
Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are
recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.
Compensated absences
Liability in respect of compensated absences is provided for both encashable leave and those expected to be availed.
The Company has defined benefit plans for compensated absences for employees, the liability for which is determined
on the basis of an actuarial valuation at the end of the year using projected unit credit method. Any gain or loss arising
out of such valuation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense as the case may be.
Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed within twelve months from the end of the year
are treated as short term employee benefits. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected undiscounted
cost of accumulated compensated absences expected to be availed based on the unutilised entitlement at the year end.
Provident fund
The Company makes contribution to the "NIIT Limited Employees' Provident Fund Trust" for certain entities in India,
which is a defined benefit plan to the extent that the Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any,
between the return from the investments of the trust and the notified interest rate. The Company's obligation in this
regard is actuarially determined using projected unit credit method and provided for if the circumstances indicate that
the Trust may not be able to generate adequate returns to cover the interest rates notified by the Government.
The Company's contribution towards Provident Fund is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
Superannuation fund
The Company makes defined contribution to the Trust established for the purpose by the Company towards
superannuation fund maintained with Life Insurance Corporation of India. The Company has no further obligations
beyond its monthly contributions. Contribution made during the year is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
Pension Fund
The Company makes defined contribution to a government administered pension fund towards it's pension plan on
behalf of its employees. The Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The contribution
towards Employee Pension Scheme is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
National Pension System
The Company makes defined contribution towards National Pension System for certain employees for which Company
has no further obligation. Contributions made during the year are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
x) Share based payments - Employee stock option plan (ESOP)
The Company operates equity settled employee share based employee settled plan. The fair value of options granted
under the 'NIIT Employee Stock Option Plan 2005' is recognised as an employee benefits expense with a corresponding
increase in equity. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted:
• including any market performance conditions (e.g., the entity's share price)
• excluding the impact of any service and non-market performance vesting conditions (e.g. profitability, sales growth
targets and remaining an employee of the entity over a specified time period), and
• including the impact of any non-vesting conditions (e.g. the requirement for employees to save or holdings shares
for a specific period of time).
The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting
conditions are to be satisfied. At the end of each period, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that
are expected to vest based on the non-market vesting and service conditions. It recognises the impact of the revision to
original estimates, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.
y) Share capital
Equity share capital
Issuance of ordinary shares are recognised as equity share capital in equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the
issuance of new equity shares are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
z) Dividends
The final dividend on shares is recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividends
are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company's Board of Directors.
The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees. Companies are required to pay/distribute dividend after
deducting applicable taxes. The remittance of dividends outside India is governed by Indian law on foreign exchange
and is also subject to withholding tax at applicable rates.
aa) Earnings per share
(i) Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to owners of the Company by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year.
(ii) Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account:
• the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and
• the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion
of all dilutive potential equity shares.
ab) Fair value measurement
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the
transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible to/ by the Company.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the
fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement
as a whole:
Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices. This includes listed equity
instruments, traded bonds and mutual funds that have quoted price. The fair value of all equity instruments (including
bonds) which are traded in the stock exchanges is valued using the closing price as at the reporting period. The mutual
funds are valued using the closing net asset value.
Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example foreign exchange
forward contracts) is determined using valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable market data and
rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are
observable, the instrument is included in level 2.
Level 3 : If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in
level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities, contingent consideration and indemnification asset included in level
3.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines
whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level
input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of
the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, investments (other than investment in subsidiaries), at fair value
at each reporting date.
ac) Critical accounting estimates and judgements
In preparing these financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the
application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results
may differ from these estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are
recognised prospectively.
Information about significant areas of estimation/uncertainty and judgements in applying accounting policies that have
the most significant effect on the financial statements are as follows:
- measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions - refer notes 2w and 26.
- measurement of useful life and residual values of property, plant and equipment -refer note 2o and 3.
- judgement required to determine grant date fair value technique -refer notes 2x and 27.
- fair value measurement of financial instruments - refer notes 2ab and 28.
- judgement required to determine probability of recognition of deferred tax assets - refer note 2g.
There are no assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment
within the next financial year.
ad) Exceptional items
Exceptional items refer to items of income or expense within the income statement that are of such size, nature or
incidence that their separate disclosure is considered necessary to explain the performance for the period.
Materiality threshold can be used to select items to be disclosed as exceptional on case to case basis. This threshold
would be applied separately for standalone as well as consolidated financial statements. However, in case an item
qualifies for disclosure in standalone financial statements but not in consolidated financial statements or vice versa, this
would need to be evaluated on case to case basis.
Basis the above analysis, mainly following items would be evaluated for disclosure as exceptional items:
a) Business Combination: Impact of one-time accounting policy alignment / unusual write off / impairment of assets
arising as a result of business combination, including transaction cost.
b) Fair valuation gains on business combination.
c) Reassessment / Change in life of asset (in case of re-evaluation of business/product, impact of all assets specific
to that business/product to be considered for applying the threshold).
d) Disputed regulatory / tax levies including tax rate change having retrospective impact (other than impact on
account of restatement of deferred tax asset / liability for tax rate change) — only impact for the past periods to be
disclosed as exceptional.
e) Provision for other than temporary diminution in the value of non-current investment.
f) Shareholders' dispute settlement arising out of merger / acquisition transactions.
g) Write-downs of inventories to net realisable value or of property, plant and equipment to recoverable amount, as
well as reversals of such write-downs.
h) Restructurings of the activities of an entity and reversals of any provisions for the costs of restructuring.
In case of other significant item of income or expense, not covered above, the same would be evaluated on a case to
case basis for disclosure under exceptional items.
ae) Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
Non-current assets (or disposal Company) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered
principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. They
are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax
assets, assets arising from employee benefits, financial assets and contractual rights under insurance contracts, which
are specifically exempt from this requirement.
An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal Company) to fair
value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increase in fair value less costs sell of an asset (or
disposal Company), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. A gain or loss not
previously recognised by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal Company) is recognised at the date
of derecognition.
Non-current assets (including those that are part of a disposal Company) are not depreciated or amortised while they
are classified as held for sale. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal Company classified
as held for sale continue to recognised.
Non-current assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal Company classified as held for sale are
presented separately from the other assets in balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal Company classified as held for
sale are presented separately from other liabilities in balance sheet.
A discontinued operations is a component of the entity that has been disposed off or is classified as held for sale and
that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single co-ordinated
plan to dispose off such a line of business or area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to
resale. The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the statement of profit and loss.
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