23) Provision & Contingent Liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. Expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Contingent liabilities and contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent liabilities unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote and contingent assets where an inflow of economic benefits is probable are disclosed in the notes.
Onerous Contracts
A provision for onerous contracts is recognized when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract.
Provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract.
Before a provision is established, the Company recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.
24) Fair value measurement
The Company measures certain financial instruments, such as derivatives and other items in its financial statements at fair value at each balance sheet date.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
For purposes of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.
25) Investment property
Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
26) Financial Instruments
a) Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value. In the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through the Statement of Profit and Loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset are included in the cost of the asset.
b) Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
i. Debt instruments at amortised cost,
ii. Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI),
iii. Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL),
iv. Equity instruments (other than investments in associates - which is carried at cost) measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).
Derecognition
A financial asset or part of a financial asset is derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset has expired.
Embedded derivative
Embedded derivative, if required, is separated from host contract and measured at fair value.
27) Forward Contracts
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets
when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
28) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash comprises of cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
Bank overdrafts, if any, are shown within borrowings in current liabilities on the balance sheet.
29) Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies the expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets with credit risk exposure.
a. Time barred dues from the Government / Government Departments / Government Companies are generally not considered as increase in credit risk of such financial asset.
b. Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
c. In case of dues outstanding for a significant period of time, on a case to case basis
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as expense/ (income) in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This amount is reflected in a separate line in Profit and Loss Statement as an impairment gain or loss.
30) Financial Liabilities
a) Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, at fair value through Profit and Loss as loans, borrowings, payables, or derivatives, as appropriate.
Loans, borrowings and payables, are stated net of transaction costs that are directly attributable.
b) Subsequent measurement
Measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
i. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.
ii. Financial liabilities at fair value through Profit or Loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by IndAS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
c) Loans and borrowings
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.
d) Trade and other payables
Liabilities are recognised for amounts to be paid in future for goods or services received, whether billed by the supplier or not.
31) Reclassification of Financial Instruments
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively.
32) Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable
legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
33) Cash dividend and non-cash distribution to equity shareholders
The Company recognises a liability to make cash or non-cash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company.
34) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
35) Events after the reporting period
Adjusting events are events that provide further evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period. The financial statements are adjusted for such events before authorisation for issue.
Non-adjusting events are events that are indicative of conditions that arose after the end of the reporting period. Non-adjusting events after the reporting date are not accounted but disclosed.
As per our report of even date For: B.K.Ramadhyani & Co. LLP
Chartered Accountants
Firm Reg No.: 002878S/S200021
For & On Behalf of Board of Directors
Vasuki H S SHALINI GHATAK RAJEEV SRIVASTAVA RAJESH RAI
Partner Company Secretary Director Finance & CFO Chairman & Managing Director
M. No.. 212013 CS No. A43488 DIN:08921307 DIN:10052045
Place: Bengaluru Date: 28.05.2024
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