2.11 Provisions and contingent liabilities

Provisions are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance sheet date.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

The Company records a provision for decommissioning costs. Decommissioning costs are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognized as part of the cost of the particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the decommissioning liability. The unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognized in the statement of profit and loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.

2.11 Provisions and contingent liabilities (contd.)

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

2.12 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks, cash on hand and short-term deposits net of bank overdraft with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash in banks and short-term deposits net of bank overdraft.

2.13 Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

(a) Financial assets

(i) (a) Date of recognition

Financial assets and liabilities, with the exception of loans, debt securities, and borrowings are initially recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. This includes regular way trades: purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame generally established by regulation or convention in the market place. Loans are recognised when funds are transferred to the customers’ account. The Company recognises debt securities and borrowings when funds reach the Company.

(i) (b) Initial recognition and measurement

At initial recognition, financial asset is measured at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss.

(i) (c) Day 1 profit and loss

When the transaction price of the instrument differs from the fair value at origination and the fair value is based on a valuation technique using only inputs observable in market transactions, the Company recognises the difference between the transaction price and fair value in net gain on fair value changes. In those cases where fair value is based on models for which some of the inputs are not observable, the difference between the transaction price and the fair value is deferred and is only recognised in profit or loss when the inputs become observable, or when the instrument is derecognised.

(ii) Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in following categories:

a) at amortized cost; or

b) at fair value through other comprehensive income; or

c) at fair value through profit or loss.

The classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Amortized cost: Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortized cost. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method (ElR).

Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI): Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). Movements in the carrying amount are taken through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity to Statement of Profit and Lossand recognized in othergains/ (losses).

Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL): Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

Reclassification within classes of financial assets

A change in the business model would lead to a prospective re-classification of the financial asset and accordingly the measurement principles applicable to the new classification will be applied. During the current financial year and previous accounting period there was no change in the business model under which the Company holds financial assets and therefore no reclassifications were made.

(iii) Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets that are measured at amortized cost.

For recognition of impairment loss on financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. If the credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If in subsequent years, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Life time ECLs are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

Given the short term nature of the loans, the Company does not discount the cash flows receivable on the financial assets.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the year is recognized as income/expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. In the Balance Sheet, ECL for financial assets measured at amortized cost is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the Balance Sheet. Until the asset meets write off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

The Company has used probability weights for various economic scenarios based on management's as well as professional judgement. The probability weights is reviewed periodically and amended based on the forward-looking information as available from time to time. Any change to the probability weights is approved by the Risk Management function of the Company.

(iv) Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset is derecognized only when

a) the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset is transferred or

b) retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.

Where the financial asset is transferred then in that case financial asset is derecognized only if substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset is transferred. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognized.

(v) Write-off

Impaired loans and receivables are written off, against the related allowance for loan impairment on completion of the Company’s internal processes and when the Company concludes that there is no longer any realistic prospect of recovery of part or all of the loan. For loans that are individually assessed for impairment, the timing of write off is determined on a case by case basis. A write-off constitutes a de-recognition event. The Company has a

right to apply enforcement activities to recover such written off financial assets. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited to the income statement.

(b) Financial liabilities

(i) Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities affair valuethrough profit or loss and at amortized cost, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

(ii) Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below: Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial liabilities at amortized cost:

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR.

(iii) Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

2.14 Employee Benefits

(a) Short-term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the year in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of employees’ services up to the end of the year and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the Balance Sheet.

(b) Other long-term employee benefit obligations

(i) Defined contribution plan

Provident Fund: Contribution towards provident fund is made to the regulatory authorities, where the Company has no further obligations. Such benefits are classified as Defined Contribution Schemes as the Company does not carry any further obligations, apart from the contributions made on a monthly basis which are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Employee's State Insurance Scheme: Contribution towards employees' state insurance scheme is made to the regulatory authorities, where the Company has no further obligations. Such benefits are classified as Defined Contribution Schemes as the Company does not carry any further obligations, apart from the contributions made on a monthly basis which are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(ii) Defined benefit plans

Gratuity: The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan (the 'Gratuity Plan") covering eligible employees in accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. The Gratuity Plan provides a lumpsum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee's salary. The Company's liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. Actuarial losses/gains are recognized in the other comprehensive income in the year in which they arise.

(ii) Defined benefit plans (contd.)

Compensated absences: Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year are treated as short term employee benefits. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year end.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as other long term employee benefits. The Company's liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. Actuarial losses/gains are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which they arise.

Leaves under define benefit plans can be encashed only on discontinuation of service by employee.

2.15 Contributed equity

Equity shares are classified as equity share capital.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

2.16 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Earnings considered in ascertaining the Company's earnings per share is the net profit or loss for the year after deducting preference dividends and any attributable tax thereto for the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year and for all the years presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

2.17 Use of judgments, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future years.

(i) Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the year end date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

(a) Taxes

Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilized. Significant management judgment is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

(b) Defined benefit plans (gratuity benefits and leave encashment)

The cost of the defined benefit plans such as gratuity and leave encashment are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each year end.

The principal assumptions are the discount and salary growth rate. The discount rate is based upon the market yields available on government bonds at the accounting date with a term that matches that of liabilities. Salary increase rate takes into account of inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors on long term basis

(d) Useful life and expected residual value of assets

Depreciation and amortisation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset’s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company’s assets are determined by management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technology.

(e) Leases

The determination of lease term for lease contracts in which the Company is a lessee, including whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise lessee options. The determination of the incremental borrowing rate used to measure lease liabilities.

(ii) Judgements

(a) Business model assessment

Classification and measurement of financial assets depends on the results of the Solely payments of principal and Interest (SPPI )and the business model test . The Company determines the business model at a level that reflects how Company's financial assets are managed together to achieve a particular business objective. This assessment includes judgement reflecting all relevant evidence including how the performance of the assets is evaluated and their performance measured, the risks that affect the performance of the assets and how these are managed and how the managers of the assets are compensated. The Company monitors financial assets measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income that are derecognised prior to their maturity to understand the reason for their disposal and whether the reasons are consistent with the objective of the business for which the asset was held. Monitoring is part of the Company’s continuous assessment of whether the business model for which the remaining financial assets are held continues to be appropriate and if it is not appropriate whether there has been a change in business model and so a prospective change to the classification of those assets.

(b) Fair value of financial instruments

The fair value of financial instruments is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction in the principal (or most advantageous) market at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., an exit price) regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be derived from active markets, they are determined using a variety of valuation techniques that include the use of valuation models. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, estimation is required in establishing fair values. Judgements and estimates include considerations of liquidity and model inputs related to items such as credit risk (both own and counterparty), funding value adjustments, correlation and volatility.

(c) Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method

The Company’s EIR methodology, recognises interest expense using a rate of return that represents the best estimate of a constant rate of return over the expected behavioural life of loans taken and recognises the effect of potentially different interest rates at various stages and other characteristics of the product life cycle

This estimation, by nature, requires an element of judgement regarding the expected behaviour and life-cycle of the instruments, as well expected changes to India’s base rate and other fee income/expense that are integral parts of the instrument.

(d) Impairment of financial asset

The measurement of impairment losses across all categories of financial assets requires judgement, in particular, the estimation of the amount and timing of future cash flows and collateral values when determining impairment losses and the assessment of a significant increase in credit risk. These estimates are driven by a number of factors, changes in which can result in different levels of allowances.

It has been the Company’s policy to regularly review its models in the context of actual loss experience and adjust when necessary.

(e) Provisions and other contingent liabilities

The Company operates in a regulatory and legal environment that, by nature, has a heightened element of litigation risk inherent to its operations. As a result, it is involved in various litigation, arbitration and regulatory investigations and proceedings in the ordinary course of the Company’s business.

When the Company can reliably measure the outflow of economic benefits in relation to a specific case and considers such outflows to be probable, the Company records a provision against the case. Where the probability of outflow is considered to be remote, or probable, but a reliable estimate cannot be made, a contingent liability is disclosed.

Given the subjectivity and uncertainty of determining the probability and amount of losses, the Company takes into account a number of factors including legal advice, the stage of the matter and historical evidence from similar incidents. Significant judgement is required to conclude on these estimates.

2.18 Operating segments

The operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided by the Chief Operating Decision Maker ('CODMj of the Company. The CODM is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments of the Company. The Company is engaged in the business of consumer lending in India which is considered to be the only reportable segment.

2.19 Statement of cash flows

Statement of Cash Flows is prepared segregating the cash flows into operating, investing and financing activities. Cash flow from operating activities is reported using indirect method adjusting the net profit for the effects of:

i. changes during the period in operating receivables and payables transactions of a noncash nature;

ii. non-cash items such as depreciation, provisions, deferred taxes, unrealised foreign currency gains and losses, and undistributed profits of associates and joint ventures; and

iii. all other items for which the cash effects are investing or financing cash flows.

Cash and cash equivalents (including bank balances) shown in the Statement of Cash Flows exclude items which are not available for general use as on the date of Balance Sheet.

2.20 Dividend payable

Interim dividend declared to equity shareholders, if any, is recognised as liability in the period in which the said dividend has been declared by the Directors. Final dividend declared, if any, is recognised in the period in which the said dividend has been approved by the Shareholders.

2.21 Modification of financial assets

A modification of a financial asset occurs when the contractual terms governing the cash flows of a financial asset are renegotiated or otherwise modified between initial recognition and maturity of the financial asset. A modification affects the amount and/or timing of the contractual cash flows either immediately or at a future date. The Company renegotiates loans to customers in financial difficulty to maximise collection and minimise the risk of default. A loan forbearance is granted in cases where although the borrower made all reasonable efforts to pay under the original contractual terms, there is a high risk of default or default has already happened and the borrower is expected to be able to meet the revised terms. The revised terms in most of the cases include an extension of the maturity of the loan, changes to the timing of the cash flows of the loan (principal and interest repayment), reduction in the amount of cash flows due (principal and interest forgiveness). Such accounts are classified as stage 3 immediately upon such modification in the terms of the contract.

Not all changes in terms of loans are considered as renegotiation and changes in terms of a class of obligors that are not overdue is not considered as renegotiation and is not subjected to deterioration in staging.

2.22 De-recognition of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss. An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.

28 Earnings per share

Basic earnings /(loss) per share amounts are calculated by dividing the profit/loss for the year attributable to equity holders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential equity shares into equity shares of the Company.

32 Segment reporting

The Company's operations predominantly relate to providing consumer lending. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) reviews the operations of the Company as one operating segment. Additionally, the Company operates only in India, hence, no separate segment information has been furnished herewith.

33 Financial risk management objectives and policies :

The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks, including market risk . The Company’s primary risk management focus is to minimize potential adverse effects of risks on its financial performance. The Company’s risk management assessment policies and processes are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor such risks and compliance with the same. Risk assessment and management of these policies and processes are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company’s activities. The Board of Directors and the Audit Committee are responsible for overseeing these policies and processes.

(A) Market risk

It is the risk that the value of on and off-balance sheet positions of the Company will be adversely affected by movements in market rates or prices such as interest rates, currency exchange rates or credit spreads resulting in a loss to earnings and capital. Market risk is monitored by assessments of fluctuation in the equity price, unhedged foreign exchange exposures, interest rate sensitivities under simulated stress test scenarios given range of probable interest rate movements on both fixed and floating assets and liabilities.

(i) Interest rate risk

A reasonably possiblechangeoflOO basis points in interest ratesatthe reporting date would have increased/(decreased) equity and profit or loss. The Company does not have any borrowings based on variable rate of interest as on March 31, 2024.

(ii) Foreign currency risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company has no outstanding foreign currency exposure.

Foreign currency risk exposure:

The exposure to foreign currency risk at the end of the reporting period, translated to Rs.Nil at closing rate, is as follows:

Financial liabilities Nil Nil

34 Financial risk management objectives and policies (contd.):

(B) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. Credit risk arises principally from the Company’s loans to customers, trade receivables, other financial assets, investments in mutual funds and cash and deposits held with banks and financial institutions. The maximum exposure to credit risk is equal to the carrying value of the financial assets. The objective of managing credit risk is to prevent or reduce losses in financial assets. The Company assesses the credit quality of the counterparties, taking into account their financial position, past experience and other factors.

(i) Credit risk management

Credit risk management policy of the Company provides guidelines for identification, assessment, management, monitoring and control of credit risk. The Company considers the probability of default upon initial recognition of asset and whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk on an on-going basis throughout each reporting period. In general, it is presumed that credit risk has significantly increased since initial recognition if the payments are overdue for a period exceeding 30 days. A default on financial assets occurs when the counterparty fails to make contractual payments for a period of 90 days or more. This definition of default is determined by considering the business environment in which entity operates and other macro-economic factors. The Company evaluates credit risk of the portfolio at a borrower level and not individual facility levels in accordance with the RBI regulations.

Managing credit risk is the most important part of overall risk management function. The Company’s credit risk function is headed by the Risk Head who is responsible for the key policies & processes for managing credit risk, which include formulating credit policies & risk rating frameworks, guiding the Company’s appetite for credit risk exposures, undertaking independent reviews, making objective assessments of credit risk, monitoring performance & product mix and management of portfolios. The principal objectives being maintaining a strong culture of responsible lending across the Company, robust risk policies & control frameworks, implementing & continually re-evaluating the Company's risk appetite and ensuring there is adequate monitoring of credit risks, credit costs & risk mitigation.

Credit risk is measured as the amount at risk due to repayment default of a customer or counterparty to the Company. Various metrics such as installment default rate, overdue position, restructuring, collection efficiency, credit bureau information, proprietary scorecards, nonperforming loans etc. are used as leading indicators to assess credit risk.

The Company remains in high vigilance mode and continues to adapt credit policy/ underwriting standards in line with emerging risk metrics across the different business portfolios; and constantly monitors various external market indicators, including a watch over the spread of COVID-19 infection and coverage of vaccination across its geographic spread.

Cash & cash equivalents and Bank deposits

The Company limits its exposure to credit risk of cash held with banks by dealing with highly rated banks and institutions and retaining sufficient balances in bank accounts required to meet a month’s operational costs. The Management reviews the bank accounts on regular basis and fund drawdowns are planned to ensure that there is minimal surplus cash in bank accounts.

Loans

The Company closely monitors the credit-worthiness of the borrower's through internal systems. The Company assesses increase in credit risk on an ongoing basis for amounts receivable that become overdue and default is considered to have occurred when amounts receivable become 90 days past due.

Trade receivables

There are no trade receivables in the company due to its nature of business.

Other financial assets measured at amortized cost

Other financial assets measured at amortized cost includes security deposits, receivables from intermediaries and others miscellaneous receivables. Credit risk related to these other financial assets is managed by monitoring the recoverability of such amounts continuously.

(ii) Expected credit losses for financial assets other than loans:

The Company provides for expected credit losses on financial assets other than loans by assessing individual financial instruments for expectation of any credit losses:

For cash and cash equivalents and other bank balances - Since the Company deals with only high-rated banks and financial institutions, credit risk in respect of cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances and bank deposits is evaluated as very low/negligible.

For Investments in mutual funds - Credit risk is considered low/negligible because the Company deals with high quality assets and instruments with strong credit ratings.

For Trade receivables - Credit risk is considered low because these balances are with group companies with strong financial resources and the balances are held for shorter periods.

For security deposits paid - Credit risk is considered low because the Company is in possession of the underlying asset.

For other financial assets - Credit risk is evaluated based on Company's knowledge of the credit worthiness of those parties and loss allowance is measured for 12 month expected credit losses upon initial recognition and provide for lifetime expected credit losses upon significant increase in credit risk. The Company does not have any expected loss based impairment recognised on such assets considering their low credit risk nature. Additionally, these balances are held in escrow for onward disbursements as well as collections from customers pending settlement.

34 Financial risk management objectives and policies (contd.):

(iii) Expected credit loss for loans Credit default risk

Considering the nature of advances given - small ticket size, shortterm and retail - the Company believes that the quantitative criteria for setting the definition of default is appropriate and sufficient. The Company has therefore set out the following definition of default for all loan products:

Days Past Due: Exposures that have one or more installment(s) past due for 90 days or more.

Event driven defaults: This will be based on the customer specific factors such as declaration of bankruptcy by the customer, death of borrower and other customer specific factors. This will be applied on a case by case basis.

Expected credit loss measurement

Ind AS 109 outlines a "three stage" model for impairment based on changes in credit quality since initial recognition as summarised below:

Stagel - Credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition-Recognisel2-months ECL, and recognize interest on a gross basis;

Stage 2 - Credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition - Recognise lifetime ECL, and recognise interest on a gross basis;

Stage 3 - Financial asset is credit impaired - Recognise lifetime ECL and present interest on a net basis (i.e. on the gross carrying amount less credit allowance).

Significant increase in credit risk

The Company believes that there is a significant increase in credit risk when dues past due crosses 30 days.

Measuring ECL - explanation of inputs, assumptions and estimation techniques

Expected credit losses are the discounted product of the probability of default (PD), exposure at default (EAD) and loss given default (LGD), defined as follows:

PD represents the likelihood of the borrower defaulting on its obligation either over next 12 months or over the remaining lifetime of the instrument.

EAD is based on the amounts that the Company expects to be owed at the time of default over the next 12 months or remaining lifetime of the instrument.

LGD represents the Company’s expectation of loss given that a default occurs. LGD is expressed in percentage and remains unaffected from the fact that whether the financial instrument is a Stage 1, or Stage 2 or even Stage 3 asset.

Write off policy

The Company writes off financial assets, in whole or in part, when it has exhausted all practical recovery efforts and has concluded there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. Quantitatively, accounts whose overdue days have exceed 365 days are written-off. The outstanding contractual amounts of such assets written off during the year ended March 31, 2024 was Rs. 28,620,983 (March 31, 2023: NIL). However, collection efforts continue on such accounts as these are legally due to the Company.

34 Financial risk management objectives and policies (contd.):

The table below summarises the stage-wise gross carrying values and the associated allowances for expected credit loss (ECL) on the loan portfolio:

(C) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. The Company manages its liquidity risk by ensuring, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due.

Management of the Company monitors forecasts of the liquidity position and cash & cash equivalents on the basis of expected cash flows. The Asset Liability Management Policy aims to align market risk management with overall strategic objectives, articulate current interest rate view and determine pricing, mix and maturity profile of assets and liabilities. The policy involves preparation and analysis of liquidity gap reports, stress testing based on estimates of cash inflows and also taking preventive and corrective measures to manage risk. It also addresses the interest rate risk by providing for duration gap analysis and control by providing limits to the gaps.

(D) Operational risk

Operational risk is the risk arising from inadequate or failed internal processes, people or systems, or from external events. The Company manages operational risks through comprehensive internal control systems and procedures laid down around various key activities in the Company viz. loan acquisition, customer service, IT operations, finance function etc. Internal Audit also conducts a detailed review of all the functions at least once a year, this helps to identify process gaps on timely basis. Further IT and Operations have a dedicated compliance and control units within the function who on continuous basis review internal processes. This enables the Management to evaluate key areas of operational risks and the process to adequately mitigate them on an ongoing basis. The Company has put in place a robust Disaster Recovery (DR) plan and Business Continuity Plan (BCP) to ensure continuity of operations including services to customers, if any eventuality is to happen such as natural disasters, technological outage etc. Robust periodic testing is carried, and results are analysed to address gaps in the framework, if any. DR and BCP audits are conducted on a periodical basis to provide assurance regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s readiness.

35 Capital management

For the purpose of the Company’s capital management, capital includes issued equity capital, share premium and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders. The primary objective of the Company’s capital management is to maximize the shareholder value and to ensure the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Regulatory capital related information is presented as part of the RBI mandated disclosures.

The Company has not distributed any dividend to its shareholders. The Company monitors gearing ratio i.e. total debt in proportion to its overall financing structure, i.e. equity and debt. The Company manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.

Fair value measurement of financial assets and liabilities

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in the Statement of Balance Sheet are grouped into three Levels of a fair value hierarchy. The three Levels are defined based on the observability of significant inputs to the measurement, as follows:

• Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

• Level 3: unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

37 Financial instruments and fair value disclosures (contd.)

There were no financial assets or financial liabilities measured at fair value through OCI in the previous year.

The carrying amount of trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances, loans, other current financial assets, borrowings, deposits, trade payables and other current financial liabilities approximate their carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments. However, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially allfinancial instruments, the fair value estimates presented aboveare not necessarily indicative of all the amounts that the Company could have realized or paid in sale transactions as of respective dates. As such, the fair value of the financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different from the amounts reported at each year end.

There have been no transfers among Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 categories during the year.

38 Additional regulatory disclosure requirements pursuant to MCA Notification dated March 24, 2021:

(i) The Company does not own any immovable property as at March 31, 2024.

(ii) The Company does not own any investment property as at March 31, 2024.

(iii) The Company has not revalued its Property, Plant and equipment during the year ended March 31, 2024.

(iv) The Company has not revalued its Intangible assets during the year ended March 31, 2024.

(v) The Company has not granted any loans or advances to promoters, directors, KMPs and the related parties (as defined under the Companies Act, 2013), either severally or jointly with any other person that are:

(a) repayable on demand

(b) without specifying any terms or period of repayment

(vi) The Company does not have any capital work-in-progress as at March 31, 2024.

(vii) No proceedings have been initiated or pending against the Company under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 and rules made thereunder.

(viii) The Company has taken borrowings from financial institution on the basis of security of its loan receivables. The Company has filed all the monthly/quarterly statements/returns with the banks as per the terms and conditions of the facility agreement and no discrepancies are noted with the books of accounts & financial statements of the Company.

38 Additional regulatory disclosure requirements pursuant to MCA Notification dated March 24, 2021 (contd.):

(ix) The Company has not been declared a wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or consortium thereof.

(x) The Company has not had any transaction with the companies struck off under section 248 of The Companies Act, 2013 or section 560 of The Companies Act, 1956.

(xi) The Company has not defaulted in registration or satisfaction of charges with the Registrar of Companies.

(xii) The Company has not entered into any scheme of arrangement during the year.

(xiii) The Company has neither advanced, loaned, invested or received directly or indirectly any funds to/from any entity with the understanding that such funds will be transferred to another person, i.e ultimate beneficiaries/ultimate funding parties.

(xiv) The Company has disclosed all incomes appropriately as per the Indian Accounting Standards and no adjustments are required to be made due to any tax assessments or other requirements of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

(xv) The Company has not traded or invested in crypto currencies or virtual currencies during the year.

39 The Code on Social Security 2020 (‘the Code’) relating to employee benefits, during the employment and post-employment, has received Presidential assent on September 28, 2020. The Code has been published in the Gazette of India. Further, the Ministry of Labour and Employment has released draft rules for the Code on Novemberl3,2020. However, the effective date from which the changes are applicable is yet to be notified and rules for quantifying the financial impact are also not yet issued. The Company will assess the impact of the Code and will give appropriate impact in the Financial Statements in the period in which, the Code becomes effective and the related rules to determine the financial impact are published.

40 Previous year figures have been regrouped/reclassified, where necessary, to conform to this year’s classification.

As per our report of even date

For VR Associates For and on behalf of the Board of Directors of

Chartered Unifinz Capital India Limited

Accountants

Firm Registration No: 0001239C

Deepak Gupta Pawan Kumar Mittal Kiran Mittal

Partner Director Director

Membership No: 538921 DIN:00749265 DIN: 00749457

Date: 31.08.2024

Place: New Delhi

RituTomar Kaushik Chatterjee Ritu Sharma

Company Secretary CEO CFO

AXSPT9451F AD F PCI 422 N ANWPR5006N