f. Provisions (other than Employee Benefits), Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present legal obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow
of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined
based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date
and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes to the
financial statements. A contingent asset is neither recognized nor disclosed if inflow of economic benefit is probable.
g. Revenue Recognition
i. Service Income:
Service Income is recognised as per the terms of the contract when the related services are rendered. It is stated net of
GST.
ii Business Income:
Income from Business is accounted on accrual basis.
iii Interest Income:
Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis
iv Rent Income:
Rent income for asset given under operating lease are recognised on a straight line basis over the lease term, as per the
term agreement
v Other Income:
Income from Investment and other service income are accounted on accrual basis
h Income Tax
Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business
combination or to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.
i. Current Tax
Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any
adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best
estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income
taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised
amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.
ii Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for
financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in
respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits.
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against
which they can be used. The existence of unused tax losses is strong evidence that future taxable profit may not be
available. Therefore, in case of a history of recent losses, the Company recognises a deferred tax asset only to the extent
that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will
be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised. Deferred tax assets - unrecognised or recognised, are
reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable
respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.
Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability
is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company
expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and
assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different taxable
entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be
realised simultaneously.
i Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and cheques in hand, bank balances, demand deposits with banks and other short term highly
liquid investments that are readily convertible to know amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in
value where original maturity is three months or less.
j Borrowing Cost (if any such borrowing cost exists)
Borrowing cost are interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that
they are regarded as an adjustment to interest cost) incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly
attributable to acquisition or construction of asset which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended
use are capitalised as part of cost of asset until such time the assets are substantially ready for their intended use. Other borrowing
costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
k Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit after tax for the year attributable to equity shareholders of the
Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by
dividing net profit attributable to equity shareholders (after adjustment for diluted earnings) by average number of weighted equity
shares outstanding during the year plus potential equity shares.
l Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method whereby the profit before tax is adjusted for the effect of the transactions of a non
cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past and future operating cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses
associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company
are segregated.
The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities are included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between
willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:
(i) Fair values of cash and short term deposits, trade and other short term receivables, trade payables, other current liabilities, short term loans from banks and
other financial institutions approximate their carrying amounts largely due to short-term maturities of these instruments.
(ii) Financial instruments with fixed and variable interest rates are evaluated by the Company based on parameters such as interest rates and individual credit
worthiness of the counterparty. Based on the evaluation, allowances are taken to account for the expected losses of these receivables.
The company uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair values of financial instruments by valuation technique:
Level 1 : Quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 : Other techniques for which all inputs which have a significant effects on the recorded fair value are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 : Techniques which use inputs that have a significant effects on the recorded fair value that are not based on observable market data.
The Company's financial risk management is an integral part of how to plan and execute its business strategies. The company's financial risk management
policy is set by the Managing Board.
Market risk
Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, fair values or future cash flows that may result from a change in the price of a financial instrument. The value of
a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, equity prices and other market changes that
affect market risk sensitive instruments. Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments including investments and deposits, foreign
currency receivables, payables and loan borrowings.
The Company manages market risk through a Board of Directors, which evaluates and exercises independent control over the entire process of market risk
management. The treasury department recommends risk management objectives and policies, which are approved by Senior Management and the Audit
Committee. The activities of this department include management of cash resources, implementing hedging strategies for foreign currency exposures,
borrowing strategies, and ensuring compliance with market risk limits and policies.
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. In order to
optimize the company's position with regards to the interest income and interest expenses and to manage the interest rate risk, treasury performs a
comprehensive corporate interest rate risk management by balancing the proportion of fixed rate and floating rate financial instruments in it total portfolio.
The Company's borrowings are primarily in fixed rate interest bearing investments. Hence, the Company is not significantly exposed to interest rate risk.
Foreign currency risk
The Company operates locally. The nature of its operations does not require it to transact in in several currencies and consequently the Company is not
exposed to foreign exchange risk in various foreign currencies.
Credit risk
Credit risk arises from the possibility that counter party may not be able to settle their obligations as agreed. To manage this, the Company periodically
assesses the financial reliability of customers, taking into account the financial condition, current economic trends, and analysis of historical bad debts and
ageing of accounts receivable. Individual risk limits are set accordingly.
The Company considers the probability of default upon initial recognition of asset and whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk on an ongoing
(i) Actual or expected significant adverse changes in business,
(ii) Actual or expected significant changes in the operating results of the counterparty.
(iii) Financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant change to the counterparty's ability to mere its obligation,
(iv) Significant increase in credit risk on other financial instruments of the same counterparty.
(v) Significant changes in the value of the collateral supporting the obligation or in the quality of third-party guarantees or credit enhancements.
Financial assets are written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery, such as a debtor failing to engage in a repayment plan with the Company.
The Company categorises a loan or receivable for write off when a debtor fails to make contractual payments greater than 2 years past due. Where loans or
receivables have been written off, the Company continues to engage in enforcement activity to attempt to recover the receivable due. Where recoveries are
made, these are recognised in profit or loss.
IV. Provision for expected credit losses again "11" and "III" above
The company has assets where the counter- parties have sufficient capacity to meet the obligations and where the risk of default is very low. Hence based on
historic default rates, the Company believes that, no impairment allowance is necessary in respect of above mentioned financial assets.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity Risk is defined as the risk that the company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time or at reasonable price. The company's treasury
department is responsible for liquidity, funding as well as settlement management. In addition, processes and policies related to such risks are overseen by
senior management. Management monitors the company's net liquidity position through rolling forecast on the basis of expected cash flows.
Maturity profile of financial liabilities
The table below provides details regarding the remaining contractual maturities of financial liabilities at the reporting date based on contractual undiscounted
payments.
Capital management
The Company's policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the
business. The Company monitors the return on capital as well as the level of dividends on its equity shares. The Company's objective when managing capital is
to maintain an optimal structure so as to maximize shareholder value. The capital structure is as follows:
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