xv. Provisions and Contingent liabilities Provisions
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.
Contingent Liabilities
Contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events and the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company, or is a present obligation that arises from past event but is not recognized because either it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits
will be required to settle the obligation, or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made. Contingent liabilities are disclosed and not recognized.
xvi. Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement:
Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI) and fair value through profit or loss. The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset's contractual cash flow characteristics and the Company's business model for managing them.
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, (in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through consolidated statement of profit or loss) transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed off in the statement of profit & loss. Trade receivable that does not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.
In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are 'solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)' on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level. Financial assets with cash flows that are not SPPI are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model.
The Company's business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both. Financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost are held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows while financial assets classified and measured at fair value through OCI are held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.
Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Subsequent Measurement Debt instruments
Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company's business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:
• Amortised cost: Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition and impairment losses (if any) are recognised directly in profit or loss. The Company's financial assets subsequently measured at amortised cost includes trade receivables, loans and certain other financial assets etc.
• Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI): Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. Movements in the carrying amount are taken through OCI except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest income and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in profit and loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss.
• Fair value through profit or loss: Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in profit or loss.
Equity instruments:
The Company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value.
Where the Company's management has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss following the derecognition of the investment. Dividends from such investments are recognised in profit or loss when the Company's right to receive payments is established. Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.
Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company has made an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value of certain
investment in equity and preference instruments not held for trading in other comprehensive income.
Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company's summary statements of assets and liabilities) when:
• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
• The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.
Impairment of financial assets
The Company assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost and FVOCI debt instruments. Different impairment methodologies are applied depending on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk or not. For trade receivables, the Company applies the simplified approach required by Ind AS 109, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. The Company has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts and liability component of convertible instruments.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at amortised cost (Loans and borrowings, if any)
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to borrowings.
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading or financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.
Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of assets and liabilities if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
xvii. Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can
be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company's CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a Period of five years. For longer years, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond years covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.
Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, allocated to cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.
A cash generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. For the business which are similar in nature for the purpose of impairment testing of goodwill, the Company considers such businesses as one cash generating unit.
If the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount
of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit.
For the purpose of impairment testing of Goodwill in relation to Uber Eats Business acquisition, the Company has considered the business of Uber Eats acquisition and Zomato business as one Cash generating unit as nature of both business is same.
For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.
xviii. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts (if any) as they are considered an integral part of the company's cash management.
xix. Treasury shares
The Company has created an Employee Benefit Trust (EBT). The Company uses EBT as a vehicle for
distributing shares to employees under the employee stock option schemes. The Company treats EBT as its extension and shares held by EBT are treated as treasury shares.
Own equity instruments that are held by the trust are recognised at cost and deducted from equity. No gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own equity instruments. Any difference between the carrying amount and the consideration, if reissued, is recognised in the other equity.
xx. Events occurring after the balance sheet date
Based on the nature of the event, the company identifies the events occurring between the balance sheet date and the date on which the standalone financial statements are approved as 'Adjusting Event' and 'Non-adjusting event'. Adjustments to assets and liabilities are made for events occurring after the balance sheet date that provide additional information materially affecting the determination of the amounts relating to conditions existing at the balance sheet date or because of statutory requirements or because of their special nature. For non-adjusting events, the company may provide a disclosure in the standalone financial statements considering the nature of the transaction.
2.3 Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
Judgements
In the process of applying the accounting policies, management has made the following judgements,
which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the financial year, are described below:
a. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the standalone financial statement were prepared.
b. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
Defined benefit plans (Gratuity benefits)
The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its longterm nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions.
All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality table . The mortality table tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.
Further details about gratuity obligations are given in note 30.
Fair value measurement of financial instruments
When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques and inputs to be used. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
Impairment of Goodwill
Goodwill recognised on business combination is tested for impairment on annual basis or whenever there is an indication that the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit (CGU) is less than the carrying amount. The calculation of value in use of a CGU involves use of significant assumptions including future economic and market conditions.
Significant influence assessment
When the Company invests in an entity, it also assesses whether it has significant influence over the investee. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but does not constitute control or joint control over those policies. The Company exercises significant judgment in order to assess whether it has significant influence over the investee or not.
Incentives
As disclosed in Note 2.2 (x), the Company provides incentives to its transacting users in various forms including credits and direct payment discounts to promote traffic on its platform. All incentives given to the users where the Company is responsible for delivery are recorded as a reduction of revenue to the extent of the revenue earned from that user on a transaction by transaction basis. The amount of incentive in excess of the revenue earned from the transacting users is recorded as advertisement
and sales promotion expense. In other cases, where Company is not responsible for delivery, management is required to determine whether the incentives are in substance a payment on behalf of the restaurant merchants and should therefore be recorded as a reduction of revenue or advertisement and sales promotion expenses. Some of the factors considered in management's evaluation of such incentives being payments on behalf of restaurant merchants include whether the incentives are given at the Company's discretion, contractual agreements with the restaurant merchants, business strategy and objectives and design of the incentive program(s), etc.
Impairment of Investment in subsidiaries and joint venture
The Company asses the carrying amounts of investment in subsidiaries and joint venture to
determine whether there is any indication that those investments have suffered an impairment loss. Where the carrying amount of investments exceeds its recoverable amount, the investment is considered impaired and is written down to its reccoverable amount. An impairment loss (if any) is recognised in statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax recognition
Deferred tax asset (DTA) is recognized only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will have sufficient taxable profits in future against which such assets can be utilized. Significant management judgment is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies, recent business performance and developments.
Terms/rights attached to equity shares
The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of INR 1 per share. Each holder of equity is entitled to one vote per share. Dividends (including proposed dividends), if any, are declared and paid or proposed in Indian rupees. The dividend proposed if any by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.
In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.
As per records of the Company, including its register of shareholders/members and other declarations received from shareholders regarding beneficial interest, the above shareholding represents both legal and beneficial ownership of shares. The Company is professionally managed and does not have an identifiable promoter.
iii) In the period of five years immediately preceding March 31, 2024:
i) The Company had allotted 76,376 fully paid up shares of face value INR 9,000/- each during the year ended March 31, 2020 pursuant to business combination with Uber India Systems Private Limited for non-cash consideration.
ii) The Company had allotted 1,576 fully paid up equity shares of face value INR 1/- each during the year ended March 31, 2021 pursuant to acquisition of Jogo Technologies Private Limited ("FitSo") for non cash consideration.
iii) The Company has approved and allotted bonus shares during the financial year ended March 31, 2022 in the ratio of 1:6699 to existing equity shareholders and has also approved bonus issuance to option holders whose name appears in the register of employee stock options, which will be issued basis the equity shares held by the option holders upon the exercise of the option.
iv) During the previous year ended March 31, 2023 the Company had acquired 33,018 equity shares of Blink Commerce Private Limited (formerly known as Grofers India Private Limited) ("BCPL") by issuance and allotment of 62,85,30,012 equity shares (refer note 40)
v) For details of shares reserved for issue under the employee stock option (ESOP) plan of the Company, please refer note 31.
15 (c) Nature and purpose of reserves:
Capital reserve
The Company recognises profit or loss on purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own equity instruments to capital reserve.
Securities premium
Securities premium is used to record the premium on issue of shares. The reserve is utilised in accordance with the provisions of section 52 of the Companies Act, 2013.
Share based payment reserve
The share options based payment reserve is used to recognise the grant date fair value of options issued to employees under Employee stock option plan.
Retained earnings
Retained earnings represent the net profit or loss accumulated by the Company till date, adjusted for any distributions made to shareholders and any transfers from Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) or reclassification/adjustments within the other equity, as per applicable accounting framework.
Treasury shares
Own equity instruments that are held by the Parent/(trust) are recognised at cost and deducted from equity. No gain or loss is recognised in the consolidated statement of profit and loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own equity instruments. Any difference between the carrying amount and the consideration, if reissued/transferred, is recognised in equity.
Business transfer adjustment reserve
The Company has accounted for the business transfer of Carthero Technologies Private Limited ("CTPL") to the Company under 'pooling of interest' method. Consequently, investment of the company in CTPL, share capital of CTPL has been cancelled. The difference between the net assets acquired and the value of shares and investment so cancelled has been recognized in Business Transfer Adjustment Reserve. From utilisation perspective, this is akin to debit balance in retained earnings.
Remeasurements of the defined benefit plans
Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability are recognised immediately in the OCI in the period in which they occur. They are then accumulated in a separate reserve named as "Remeasurement of defined benefit plans". These amounts are not reclassified to standalone statement of profit and loss in subsequent years.
Foreign currency translation reserve
Exchange differences arising on translation of the foreign operations are recognised in other comprehensive income and are accumulated in foreign currency translation reserves. The cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss when the foreign operations are disposed-off.
Equity instruments through other comprehensive income
The Company has elected to recognise changes in the fair value of certain investments in equity securities in other comprehensive income. These changes are accumulated within the "Equity instruments through other comprehensive income" within other equity. The Company transfers amounts from this reserve to retained earnings when the relevant equity securities are derecognised.
Debt instruments through other comprehensive income
Debt instruments through other comprehensive income represents the cumulative gains (net of losses) arising on revaluation of debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of amounts reclassified, if any, to profit or loss when those instruments are disposed off.
Zomato Payments Private Limited (ZPPL) (a subsidiary of the Company) has decided to voluntarily surrender the certificate of authorization obtained by the ZPPL from the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") to operate as an online payment aggregator under the Payment and Settlements Systems Act, 2007. Further, ZPPL also decided to voluntarily surrender its application with the RBI (for which it previously received in-principle authorization) to operate as an issuer of pre-paid payment instruments, under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 and the Master Direction on Prepaid Payment Instruments.
However, the other operations of ZPPL will continue. The Company has performed the Impairment assessment under Ind AS 36 and recognised an impairment loss of INR 39 crores in the profit and loss account (as exceptional item) on its investments in ZPPL, on account of the same.
29 Earning per equity share
Basic Earnings Per Share (EPS) and Diluted Earnings Per Share (EPS) amounts are calculated by dividing the profit/ (loss) for the year attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the year.
31 Share-based payments
General Employee Share-option Plan (GESP):
The Foodie Bay Employee Stock Option Plan 2014 (" ESOP 2014") was approved by the shareholders of the Company on June 27, 2014 (last amendment was done by the Board of directors on February 10, 2022) for granting aggregate 27,089 Employees stock options ("ESOPs/Option(s)") of the Company. The Company further increased number of Options by 5,364 under the ESOP 2014 at the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders held on September 07, 2015 and 9,313 Options under the ESOP scheme at the extra ordinary general meeting of shareholders held on March 04, 2016.The ESOP 2014 covers grant of Options to the specified employees covered under ESOP 2014 .
Further, bonus issuance in the ratio 1:6699 to equity shareholders was approved by the shareholders at their meeting held on April 05, 2021. Accordingly, the number of shares that can be issued under the ESOP 2014 increased from 41,766 to 27,98,32,200.
The Zomato Employee Stock Option Plan 2018 ("ESOP 2018") was approved by the shareholders of the Company on October 22, 2018 (last amendment was done by the Board of directors on February 10, 2022) for granting aggregate 30,150 Employees stock options ("ESOPs/Option(s)") which were reduced to 18,135 Options vide Extraordinary General Meeting held on September 04, 2020. The ESOP 2018 covers grant of Options to the specified employees covered under ESOP 2018.
Further, bonus issuance in the ratio 1:6699 to equity shareholders was approved by the shareholders at their meeting held on April 05, 2021. Accordingly, the number of shares that can be issued under the ESOP 2018 increased from 18,135 to 12,15,04,500.
Zomato Employee Stock Option Plan 2021 ("ESOP 2021") was approved by the shareholders of the Company on April 05, 2021 (last amendment was done by the Board of directors on February 10, 2022) for grant aggregating 50,25,00,000 Employees stock option ("ESOPs/Option(s)") of the Company. The ESOP 2021 covers grant of Options to the specified employees covered under ESOP 2021.
Zomato Employee Stock Option Plan 2022 ("ESOP 2022") was approved by the shareholders of the Company through postal ballot on July 25, 2022, for grant aggregating 3,36,55,902 Employees stock option ("ESOPs/ Option(s)") of the Company. The ESOP 2022 covers grant of Options to the specified employees covered under ESOP 2022.
The following methods / assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:
i) The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances, trade receivables, loans, other financial assets, trade payables and other financial liabilities approximate their fair value mainly due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.
ii) Fair value of quoted mutual funds is based on the last available Net assets value ("NAV") as at the reporting date.
iii) The fair values of the unquoted investments in Equity instruments have been estimated using one or more of the valuation techniques such as discounted cash flow method ("DCF"), comparable companies multiples method ("CCM"), comparable companies transactions multiples method ("CTM") and net asset value ("NAV") method.
iv) The investments in Government securities and debentures or bonds are valued by referring to market inputs including quotes, trades, poll, primary issuances for securities and /or underlying securities issued by the same or similar issuer for similar maturities and movement in benchmark security, etc.
v) The fair value of non-current other financial assets and loans are estimated by discounting future cash flows using current rates applicable to instruments with similar terms, currency, credit risk and remaining maturities.
(c) Financial risk management Financial risk factors
The Company's activities exposes it to a variety of financial risks namely market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company's primary focus is to foresee the unpredictability of financial markets and seek to minimise potential adverse effects on its financial performance.
Risk management is carried out by senior management for cash and cash equivalent, trade receivable, investments, deposits with banks, foreign currency risk exposure and liquidity risk.
Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: interest rate risk, foreign currency risk and other price risk, such as equity price risk and commodity risk. The Company ensures optimisation of cash through fund planning and robust cash management practices.
i) Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company's investments are predominantly held in government securities, debenture or bonds, bank deposits and mutual funds.
Investment in bank deposits and certain government securities are measured at amortised cost and are fixed interest rate bearing instruments and hence not subject to interest rate volatility. The Company also invests in mutual fund schemes of leading fund houses, such investments are susceptible to market interest risks which may impact the return and value of such investments. However, given the relatively short tenure of underlying portfolio of the mutual fund schemes in which the Company has invested, such risk is not significant. Investments in debenture or bonds and certain government securities are subject to interest rate risk which are fair valued through other comprehensive income to recognise market volatility.
ii) Foreign currency risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company's exposure to foreign currencies is negligible, with the exception of the AED, where the net exposure amounts to 0 crore (March 31, 2023: 1 crore). The Company keeps a regular track of all the changes in foreign currency rates to monitor and manage this foreign currency risk.
Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk of default on its obligation by the counterparty resulting in a financial loss. The maximum exposure to the credit risk at the reporting date is primarily from trade receivables amounting to INR 77 crores (March 31, 2023: INR 84 crores). Trade receivables are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers primarily located in India and Middle East. Credit risk has always been managed by the Company through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business. On account of adoption of Ind AS 109, the Company uses expected credit loss model to assess the impairment loss or gain. The Company uses a provision matrix to compute the expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables. The provision matrix takes into account available external and internal credit risk factors such as the Company's historical experience for customers and adjusted for forward-looking information.
The Company has established an allowance for impairment that represents its expected credit losses in respect of trade and other receivables. The management uses a simplified approach for the purpose of computation of expected credit loss for trade receivables and 12 months expected credit loss for other receivables further an impairment analysis is performed at each reporting date on an individual basis for major parties. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly and closely monitored. Basis historical trend, the Company provides for any outstanding beyond 180 days. The trade receivables on the respective reporting dates are
net off the allowance which is sufficient to cover the entire lifetime loss of sales recognised including those that are currently less than 180 days outstanding.
The Company has made investments in government securities which carries sovereign rating and debenture or bonds which are rated AAA; which do not have a default history.
The Company's treasury maintains its cash and cash equivalents and deposits - with banks, financial and other institutions, having a good reputation and past track record which are considered to carry a low credit risk. Similarly, counterparties of the Company's other receivables carry either negligible or very low credit risk. Further, the Company reviews the creditworthiness of the counter-parties on the basis of its ratings and financial strength for all the above assets on an ongoing basis and if required, takes necessary mitigation measures.
The Company has established an allowance for impairment that represents its expected credit losses in respect of investments in debt instruments. The management uses a 12 months expected credit loss approach after taking into account the time value of money and other reasonable information available as a result of past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.
For trade receivable ageing, refer note 43.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that the Company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time. The Company has established an appropriate liquidity risk management framework for the management of the Company's short, medium and long-term funding and liquidity requirements.
The Company's principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents. The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate cash reserves, by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. Accordingly, no liquidity risk is perceived.
38 Capital and other commitments
(a) The Company has commitments for purchase / sale orders which are issued after considering requirements per operating cycle for purchase / sale of goods and services, employee benefits. The Company does not have any long term commitment or material non-cancellable contractual commitments/contracts which might have a material impact on the financial statements.
(b) The Company has estimated amount of contract remaining to be executed on capital account not provided for, net of advances as at March 31, 2024 is 2 crores (March 31, 2023: 1 crore).
39 Contingent Liability not provided for:
Claims against the Company not acknowledged as debt :
(a) In December 2023, the Company received Show Cause Notices (SCNs) from the GST authorities requiring the Company to show cause why a tax liability of INR 420 crores along with the interest and penalty for the period from October 29, 2019 to March 31, 2022 should not be demanded and recovered. The alleged amount is calculated on the delivery charges collected by the Company from the end user on behalf of the delivery partners. The Company, supported by the external independent expert's advice, is of the view that it has a strong case on merits.
(b) The Company has certain pending litigations pertains to consumer cases and other legal cases amounting to INR 10 crores (March 31, 2023: INR 4 crores).
(c) During the previous year ended March 31, 2022, the Company was served with a copy of a writ petition filed by the Indian Federation of APP-Based Transport Workers (IFAT) and two others, which is in the nature of a public interest litigation before the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India. The writ petition has been filed against 5 ministries of the Union of India (i.e. Ministry of Labour and Employment, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public distribution, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology) and aggregators such as ANI Technologies Pvt Ltd (Ola), Uber India Systems Pvt. Ltd. (Uber) and Bundl Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (Swiggy) and Zomato Limited have been made a party to the writ petition. The petitioners have sought several alternative reliefs, including a declaration to recognise app based/ gig workers as 'workers' under various labour/social legislations; directions to the Government of India for promulgating schemes extending social security benefits to gig/ app based workers which schemes are yet to be formulated. At this stage, there is no specific obligation that can be ascribed to the Company pending the Hon'ble Court's final decision in the Writ Petition.
(d) During the year ended March 31,2022, the Company received an order under Section 26(1) of the Competition Act, 2002, under which the Hon'ble Competition Commission of India (CCI) initiated an investigation into certain aspects of the Company's business. The Company continues to work closely with the Hon'ble CCI to assist them with their inquiry and explain to the Hon'ble CCI why all its practices are in compliance with competition laws and do not have any adverse effect on competition in India.
40 During the previous year ended March 31, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company on June 24, 2022 had approved acquisition of 33,018 (thirty three thousand and eighteen) equity shares of Blink Commerce Private Limited ("BCPL") (formerly known as Grofers India Private Limited) for a total purchase consideration of INR 4,448 crores at a price of INR 13,46,986.01 per equity share by issuance and allotment of 62,85,30,012 (sixty two crores eighty five lakhs thirty thousand and twelve) fully paid-up equity shares of the Company having face value of INR 1/- (Indian Rupee One) each at a price of INR 70.76 per equity share which was the price determined in accordance with chapter V of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2018 ("SEBI ICDR Regulations"), for a consideration other than cash (for discharge of entire purchase consideration) from the shareholders of BCPL.
On August 10, 2022, the Company completed the above acquisition by issuing 62,85,30,012 fully paid-up equity shares of the Company having face value of INR 1/- (Indian Rupee One). The same was accounted using the share price of the Company as on the acquisition date of INR 55.45 per equity share which amounted to INR 3,485 crores.Total investment of INR 3,828 crores includes INR 3,485 crores for which shares were issued as mentioned above and INR 343 crores of fair value of existing ownership interest of 8.96% in BCPL as on date of acquisition.
Additionally, as on August 10, 2022, Zomato Hyperpure Private Limited, material subsidiary of the Company had acquired the warehousing and ancillary services business ("Warehousing division") of Hands on Trades Private Limited ("HOTPL", fellow subsidiary of BCPL until August 9, 2022), for an aggregate consideration of INR 61 crores paid in cash.
41 The Company has made long term strategic investments in certain subsidiary companies, which are in their initial/developing stage of operation and would generate growth and returns over a period of time. These subsidiaries have incurred significant expenses for building the brand, market share and operations which have added to the losses of these entities. The parent has committed to provide support to each of its subsidiaries in the event they are unable to meet their individual liabilities.
Owing to the losses incurred by Zomato Hyperpure Private Limited ("ZHPL"), Blink Commerce Private Limited ("BCPL") (formerly known as Grofers India Private Limited) and Zomato Entertainment Private Limited ("ZEPL") (accumulated losses as of March 31, 2024 being INR 643 crores and INR 70 crores for ZHPL and ZEPL respectively and losses of INR 1,399 crores for BCPL during the period August 10, 2022 to March 31, 2024) ("subsidiary companies"), the Company carried out an impairment assessment basis fair value of the entity determined by a valuer using discounted future cashflows approach. Based on the review of the performance and future plan of the subsidiary companies, the Company concluded that no impairment is required as on March 31, 2024. The same was noted by the Audit Committee and the Board.
During the year ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, the Company conducted impairment tests of its investments in subsidiaries. The recoverable value of the investments in subsidiaries are estimated using Discounted cash flow method ("DCF"). The significant unobservable inputs used in the estimation of recoverable value together with a quantitative sensitivity analysis as at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 are as shown below:
47 The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) introduced certain requirements, where accounting softwares used by the Company should have a feature of recording audit trail of each and every transaction (effective April 01, 2023). The Company has an IT environment which is adequately governed with General information technology controls (GITCs) for financial reporting process and the Company has assessed all of its IT applications that are relevant for maintaining books of accounts.
The Company has used accounting software for maintaining its books of account for the year ended March 31, 2024 which has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software, except that:
Ý In respect of certain inhouse developed software, the audit trail feature was not enabled at the database level to log any direct changes to the database.
Ý In respect of a software used for payroll processing and purchase records (implemented w.e.f August 17, 2023) in which the database is maintained by a third party software service provider, the Company is in the discussion with a third party service provider to implement audit trail feature at database level.
The Company has not noted any tampering of the audit trail feature in respect of the software for which the audit trail feature was operating.
48 (a) No funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been advanced or loaned or
invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(s), including foreign entity(s) ("Intermediaries"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(b) No funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been received by the Company from any person(s) or entity(s), including foreign entities ("Funding Parties"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
49 Recent pronouncements:
(a) The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 dated March 31, 2023 to amend the following Ind AS which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after April 01, 2023. The Company applied these amendments for the first-time.
(i) Definition of Accounting Estimates - Amendments to Ind AS 8
The amendments clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. It has also been clarified how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates.
The amendments had no impact on the Company's standalone financial statements.
(ii) Disclosure of Accounting Policies - Amendments to Ind AS 1
The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful by replacing the requirement for entities to disclose their 'significant' accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their 'material' accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures. The amendments have had an minimal impact on the Company's disclosures of accounting policies and no impact on the measurement, recognition or presentation of any items in the Company's financial statements.
(iii) Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction - Amendments to Ind AS 12
The amendments narrow the scope of the initial recognition exception under Ind AS 12, so that it no longer applies to transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences such as leases. The Company previously recognised for deferred tax on leases on a net basis. As a result of these amendments, the Company has recognised a separate deferred tax asset in relation to its lease liabilities and a deferred tax liability in relation to its right-of-use assets. Since, these balances qualify for offset as per the requirements of Ind AS 12, there is no impact in the balance sheet.
(b) Standards issued/notified but not yet effective
There are no standards that are notified and not yet effective as on the date.
As per our report of even date attached
For Deloitte Haskins & Sells For and on behalf of the Board of Directors of
Firm registration number: 015125N Zomato Limited
Chartered Accountants
Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-
Vikas Khurana Deepinder Goyal Kaushik Dutta
Partner (Managing Director and (Chairman and
Membership No. 503760 Chief Executive Officer) Independent Director)
(DIN-02613583) (DIN-03328890)
Place: Gurugram Place: Gurugram
Date: May 13, 2024 Date: May 13, 2024
Sd/- Sd/-
Akshant Goyal Sandhya Sethia
(Chief Financial Officer) (Company Secretary)
(PAN No. AIVPG9914G) (A-29579)
Place: Gurugram Place: Gurugram Place: Gurugram
Date: May 13, 2024 Date: May 13, 2024 Date: May 13, 2024
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